Landforms in the Turkish language (VIII. – XV. century)

This study aims to reveal the landforms in historical Turkic languages based on written documents. The examination consists of terms corresponding to the concept of 'geographical term' in Old and Middle Turkish, dating from the 8th to the 15th centuries. In the study, 'landforms' are examined in two groups: land areas and water areas. The words identified in the study were given by witnesses; subsequently, traces of the relevant term were sought in modern Turkish dialects. In the analysis section of the study, the etymological evaluations of these words, which are considered both diachronically and synchronically, are made, along with their semantic evaluations.