Türk tarım sektörünün yapısı ve ticaret rekabetçiliği: Seçilmiş tarımsal ürün gruplarının 2009-2020 arası bir analizi

This study aims to determine the trade competitiveness of selected Turkish agricultural product groups in the world market between 2009-2020. In this context, before discussing the trade competitiveness of Turkey's agricultural products in our study, we examined the structure of the Turkish agricultural sector, the contribution of the agricultural sector to the Turkish economy, and Turkey's agricultural policies. We used Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Relative Trade Advantage (RTA), Revealed Competitiveness (RC), and Logarithmic Revealed Export Advantage (LNRXA) Indices in competitiveness calculations. In addition, we used the TBI index to examine Turkey's foreign trade balance in the analyzed product groups. The data we used in the study was the two-digit export and import data in the Harmonized Commodity Identification and Coding System of the International Trade Center. As a result of our calculations, we concluded that three of the analyzed product groups had a comparative advantage, while nine of them had a comparative disadvantage. Turkey had a comparative advantage in product groups coded 07, 08, and 11 between 2009-2020. On the other hand, Turkey had a comparative disadvantage in product groups coded 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 09, 10, and 12 between 2009-2020. While Turkey was a net exporter in the product groups coded 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, and 11, it was a net importer in the product groups coded 01, 09, 10, and 12 according to an average of trade balance index results between 2009 and 2020. In addition, when we analyzed the index trends, we observed that Turkey's share in the global market increased between 2009 and 2020 in the product groups 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 09, 11, and 12. On the other hand, Turkey's share in the global market decreased between 2009 and 2020 in the product groups with codes 07, 08, and 10. According to our calculations, the product group coded 09 between 2009-2016, and product groups with codes 02, 03, 04, 05, and 06 between 2009-2020 had a comparative disadvantage according to RCA and LNRXA indices. However, these product groups had a comparative advantage over RTA and RC index calculations. We think that the import-export structure of Turkey or the interventions of the state in these product groups cause this difference between the index results.