Polysemie in Türkischen und Deutschen texten: Eine vergleichende arbeit

Words are such important parts of a language that communication cannot be in question without them. However, what makes a word word is its meaning. A word may be polysemic. While many language users may think that one word has just one meaning, we may find many polysemic words with multiple meanings when we check words.The ability to understand and interpret the words which we encounter with in daily speeches shows us the complexity and flexibility of languages. Language users understand the different meanings of polysemic words correctly and these multiple meanings do not prevent the continuity of communication. Moreover, people with the ability to use the polysemy of the language contribute a lot to the language both literarily and culturally. They can also make it possible to have a special communication with the reflection of their emotions and thoughts.In this study, polysemy, homonymy association, ambiguity and semantic changes have been examined within the texts in German and Turkish. The study is consisted of three parts which are introduction, development and conclusion. In the introduction part, short information has been given about polysemy and subcategories of polysemy. In the development part, which deals with the theory of the study, polysemy and the association of it with the subcategories are explained in detail. Afterwards, these categories have been detailed as subtitles. Homonymy which is closely linked to polysemy has been examined as one category and the similarities and differences between homonymy and polysemy have been described.The subjects of ambiguity, antonymy, synonymy, primary meaning and connotation have been described and exemplified. Under the title of semantic changes, the subjects of semantic shift, semantic extension, semantic restriction, pejoration and amelioration have been explained and exemplified as subtitles. All the theoretical information is detailed and described with comparative examples. In the conclusion part of the study, the importance of polysemy in language teaching, the difficulties of it and solution offers are mentioned.Key words: Meaning, polysemy, homonymy, primary meaning, connotation, semantic changes.