May 27 Military Intervention on the beginning of military tutorial in Turkey and the effects of the Fourteen

Although it was tried twice during Atatürk's period, the multi-party life, which could not be passed, was started in 1945 and the first multi-party election was held in 46. Just at this time, some soldiers, who were uncomfortable with the policies followed by the CHP, started to organize and even to intervene in the administration. With the 1950 elections, the DP government started The DP's coming to power, which was welcomed by almost all of the army at first, soon became the party's practices that undermined secularism. The use of religion as a tool of politics, economic policies that seemed good at first but worsened in the following years, concessions made to the USA to the extent that it undermines independence, activities that polarize the public, etc. Due to the circumstances, it caused reactions from various parts of the country. During this time, many organizations emerged within the army. Against the negative reactions against her, the oppressive and divisive policies followed by the DP, relying on the votes it received in the 1954 elections, brought along the troublesome developments in the country. Conflicts in the political field have spread over time to all areas of life, including the streets, universities, high schools and the press. As a result, a military intervention was carried out under the leadership of middle and lower-ranking officers in the army at a time when the negativities in every field were deadlocked. Immediately after the intervention, Cemal GÜRSEL, who did not fully believe in the military intervention, was brought to the leadership in order not to get the reaction of the senior commanders, and the MBK was formed within the discussions. However, in the MBK, which could not adapt itself from its formation stage, conflicts soon intensified and various groups emerged. By November 13, MBK made an internal coup and the group called Ondörtler emerged. While fourteen people were exiled abroad, the expected peace could not be achieved in the MBK and throughout the country, and the environment of conflict and chaos increased day by day. While the army was trying to be removed from politics, on the contrary, the army began to take place in the very center of politics. The group, described as MBK leader Gürsel and Democrats, acted with the idea of leaving the administration to civilians as soon as possible as a way of getting rid of the troubles, and the period of coalition governments started for the first time in Turkey after the elections. However, the atmosphere of chaos and instability increased even more when the politicians, who were not expected, were worried about their own internal conflicts instead of the interests of the country. This situation has brought with it the intervention of the military in the administration and new coup attempts. With the 1961 Constitution, which was the first constitution prepared in the following period and presented to the public, and the new institutions that came with this constitution, the groundwork was prepared for the formation of military and bureaucratic tutelage, which is at least as effective as it. Keywords: Coup, Revolution, Military Intervention, Junta, Guardianship, Fourteen