Distribution problem and cooperatives in Turkey

The problems of distribution and income inequality are major problems affecting the world. The crisis of the welfare state, the globalization of income inequality has increased and the problem of distribution has been faced in many countries. Basic income, minimum income support, stakeholder income transfers, tax policies, and cooperatives are seen as the solution to the problem of income inequality and distribution, which has become the common problem of countries all over the world. This study aims to find a solution to the problem of distribution that emerged as a result of the crisis of the welfare state and its globalization through cooperatives. In this study, the Mondragon cooperative and the SEWA Cooperative are successful cooperatives in the world, while in Turkey beneficiaries benefitted from the PANKOBİRLİK, MARMARABİRLİK, and Simurg Women's Cooperative. The contributions of these cooperatives to the economy of the country were investigated. There are three main elements of the welfare state and they include intervention, regulatory, and redistribution of income. The intervention element is aimed at regulating markets; regulatory element targets to enact policies such as tax, transfer expenditures to provide social security services such as social aid, social service, and social insurance, and the last element ensures the redistribution of income. The crisis of the welfare state has led to the deterioration in these basic elements and the question of partition has become a burden on the states. When the cooperatives are examined, they contribute to the national economy in areas such as employment, social security, and education by creating new jobs. Cooperatives are an alternative solution to problems such as social security, employment, and education caused by the distribution problem.