Position of women in pre-after Republic of Turkey and an analysis about existences in printmaking area

Until the middle of the 19th century in Europe and during the pre-republic period in Turkey a patriarchal structure was dominant. According to this structure men used to symbolize a superior dignity but yet women used to devote her life to the existence of the generations without having any legal and social rights. Although some regulations were introduced in Ottoman Empire by the second Constitutional Era, but liberation of women only came under republic regime. In the analyzed societies women was deprived of art for a long time as like as science, literature and the other branches. Education of art in pre-republican Turkey was limited with the private lessons which mostly used to be attended by daughters of minority and levantine families, until Inas Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi was founded with the efforts of Mihri Musfik Hanim. Canvas art basically started to improve by republic period, printmaking continued to be a technique to serve the military. Free art practices were first performed in the republic period. But it could not show improvement as art of painting did. Just because performing art of printmaking was difficult under the circumstances of the period. But yet it was started to be performed with the personal efforts of some artists and by means of varying possibilities both art of printmaking gained importance and in respect of the printmaking Turkish women printmaking artists developed a significant position by increasing their numbers. But in written history names of Turkish women printmaking artists are not mentioned at all. This perceived case will constitute the goals of this study.