Anther culture studies on Anemone coronaria var. coccinea native to Turkey

Anther culture method was used in Anemone coronaria var. coccinea, known as poppyanemone, in order to obtain haploid embryo production in this study. For this aim, the effect ofdifferent media and cold treatments on the explants picked from a red-flowered wild population inAdana were investigated.In culture media experiments, NN and B5 media were used as basic medium. Differenthormone concentrations were added to these media either alone or accompanied with activatedcharcoal, silver nitrate, L-glutamine and their mixture in different concentrations. Then, pollenembryogenesis performances of these treatments were evaluated.In hormone experiments, IAA (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l) was used either alone or togetherwith BAP (0.1 mg/l). Among the treatments in NN and B5 media, the highest pollen embryogenesiswith 12.7 % was obtained from 1 mg/l IAA + 0.1 mg/l BAP combination in NN medium. Thistreatment was followed by 0.5 mg/l IAA + 0.1 mg/l BAP combination in B5 medium with 9.3 %.Among silver nitrate treatments (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 mg/l), the highest embryo formation (3.3 %)was acquired from a treatment in B5 medium containing 5 mg/l silver nitrate + 1 mg/l IAA + 0.1 mg/lBAP while the second best treatment (2.5 %) had the same content but in NN medium.In L-glutamine experiments, the single positive reaction was obtained from a treatment in B5medium containing 800 mg/l L-glutamine + 2 mg/l IAA + 0.1 mg/l BAP with quite low ratio (0.7 %).None of activated charcoal treatments (control, 0.1 %, 0.5 % and 1 %) gave positive result.However, activated charcoal has negatively affected pollen embryogenesis performances in themixture media in which it was included.It could not be found any difference among the cold treatments (control, 2,7 and 21 days in +7 0C) tested in the beginning of the study.In the cytological observations, it was determined that embryogenic divisions had derivedfrom simetric, generative and vegetative nucleus divisions. Additionally, organogenesis and callusformations were realized apart from direct pollen embryogenesis in this study.Key Words: Poppy Anemone, Haploid Plant, Pollen Embryogenesis, Activated Carbon, Silver Nitrate