Determination of genetic relationship and morphological characterization of diploid and tetraploid hulled wheat germplasm originated from Turkey

36 einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) and 49 emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum L.) lines selected during last six years via selection breeding from landraces collected from different provinces of Turkey (Konya, Kayseri ve Kastamonu) were characterized agro-morphogically and molecularly in this study. Totally 85 hulled wheat lines were sown micro parcels with two rows of 1 m and 30 cm row-to-row spaces in order to be evaluated in terms of qualitative and quantitative traits. Observed qualitative traits were growth habit, spike density, glume colour, grain colour, grain size and grain vitrousness, respectively. Measured quantitative traits were also plant height (cm), spike lenght (cm), number of grains per spike (number), days to flowering (day), number of spikes per m2 (number), grain yield (g/m2), biological yield (g/m2), harvest index (%) and 1000 grain weight (g), respectively. Moreover, the genetic materials were characterized molecularly with 14 ISSR markers which are widely used determining of genetic relationships. A high variation was observed inter and intra species especially for quantitative traits. Average plant height, spike length, number of spikes per m2, grain yield and 1000 grain yield of einkorn lines were measured 107.9 cm, 4.9 cm, 751.4 adet/m2, 311.7 g/m2 ve 21,6 g, respectively. Average plant height, spike length, number of spikes per m2, grain yield and 1000 grain yield of emmer lines were also measured 101.7 cm, 5.9 cm, 548.9 piece/m2, 368.1 g/m2 ve 35.9 g, respectively. On the other hand, ISSR markers used for molecular study were found to be very successful to discriminate the species. Both einkorn and emmer lines generated two main groups and four sub-groups as a result of phylogenetic analysis. Polymorphism rate was also found as 82.6%. In conclusion, it was determined that the hulled wheat lines have a high genetic variation to be benefited to breeding studies as a result of obtained agro-morphological and molecular data.