Turkey's crisis with the American hierarcihal order (1964-75): The quest for autonomy in foreign policy

This study examines why Turkey-United States (the US) relations witnessed the series of crises in the period of 1964-75 and Turkey's foreign policy initiatives that incompatible with US interests in line with the relevant arguments of the hierarchy approach. The hierarchy approach provides an explanation for why, how the unequal/asymmetrical relations between the subordinate state and the hegemoic power began and progress, as well as draws attention to the fact that these relations can witness crises. This approach provides very rich theoretical arguments for the answer to the question "why does the state challenge to the big power, that it accepted its authority as legitimate, in order to increase its foreign policy autonomy". In this context, this study will be based on the argument that the relations between Turkey and the US established with the 1947 Truman Doctrine and continued throughout the 1950s are hierarchical and will explain why these relationships entered the crisis cycle between 1964-75 period, in line with the nine relevant hypotheses of the hierarchy approach. This study will subsether these hypotheses into three headings: the hegemonic power, subordinate state and system-related causes and will explain each main hypothesis with three sub-hypotheses. These three hypothesis sequences will be adapted to the period 1964-75 of Turkey-US relations in the third, fourth and fifth part of this study, respectively. In other words, this study will explain the answer to the question "For what reasons Turkey, which transferred a significant part of foreign policy autonomy to the US during the 1950s, turned to increasing its autonomy in the period 1964-75", will be explained around the three main-hypotheses. These arguments will be in the form of the actions taken by the US against Turkey's interests in the period 1964-75, changes in Turkish domestic politics and systemic changes in the international arena during this period respectively.