The practices of state of emergency and martial law in Turkey (1961 – 1982)

In this study, Turkey's martial law practices, the reasons for these practices and their constitutional bases are discussed. Throughout history, many states have applied to martial law in cases where the existing public order is disturbed and their existence is threatened. The main purpose of martial law practices is to allocate all means to the military authorities against events such as war, epidemics, uprisings against the regime, and internal or external threats, and that the members of the army control the situation. Martial law practices were shaped according to each state's own internal statute, constitutional processes, forms of military organization and the needs of the period, its principles were determined and implemented. On the other hand, the state of emergency stated that the state should increase the powers of the civil authorities in the public and try to control the public order with the civilian administration. Martial law and state of emergency have been among the extraordinary forms of government that many states have preferred or had to choose. Turkey, like most states, has resorted to extraordinary management practices in the face of problems that it has experienced or is likely to experience. Although these forms of government are legal regimes, they have resulted in many changes in the period in which they were lived. These changes have been effective in many fields, especially in the political, military, legal, social and economic fields. Martial law and state of emergency applications have been among the forms of government frequently used by Turkey for the solution of problems for many years.