Karaman during the time of the Seljuks of Turkey and the Karamanoğlu Dynasty

During the period following the conquest by the Seljuk Turks, the city of Lârende (Karaman) became a Turkish-Islamic land with the settlement of Oghuz tribes. The administrative and social structure established and developed under the administration of the Danismends, the Turkish Seljuks, and the Karamanids continued into the Ottoman period. Lârende suffered damage and disruption of public order and security due to looting and plunder during both the resistance against the Ilkhanids and the annexation by the Ottoman Empire. As a central city in the just causes of the Karamanids, who never accepted Ilkhanid rule and saw themselves as heirs to the Seljuks, Lârende played a significant role. The policies developed by the Karamanids with the Mamluks, Eratnals, Timurids, Qara Qoyunlu, and the Ottoman Empire shaped regional and local politics, directing both internal and external policies from this center. In addition to political developments, Lârende played an influential role in the emergence and spread of Mevlevism. Figures such as Mevlana Jalaluddin Rumi, Karamanli Nizami, Karamanli Ayni, Hoca Fakih, Sheikh Alauddin Ali al-Semerkandi, and Molla Fenari lived in the city and had significant impacts in various aspects. Karaman sheep, horses, grapes, and wheat are famous agricultural products of the region. Our study examines the pre-Ottoman period of Lârende as a Turkish-Islamic land in its entirety. Keywords: Lârende, Dânişmends, Seljuks, Karamanids