Employment in the agricultural sector in Turkey: Employment of Syrian refugees in agriculture in the case of Hatay sub region (TR63))

This study was carried out in order to reveal the employment structure in the agricultural sector in Turkey, to determine the change and development trend of employment, to reflect the effects of international migration on agricultural employment and the adoption and adoption of foreign immigrants/refugees in the society. The change in the agricultural workforce in Turkey and the effect of net migration on the agricultural sector between the years 1988-2018 are explained with cointegration and causality analysis. In the results obtained, while the increase in the amount of migration in the short term affects the agricultural area and agricultural employment negatively, it affects the agricultural GDP positively. In the long run, the effects of migration are negative. In the causality analysis, a one-way relationship was found between migration and agricultural growth. Changes in the agricultural sector and workforce structure in Turkey have been discussed, and the workforce structure has changed significantly over the years examined. In Turkey, the change in the employment structure in the agricultural sector after migration, an increase of 7% in unpaid family workers, 15% in self-employed workers and 5% in seasonal temporary workers is observed. In addition, 85% of those working in agriculture need to do additional work. According to the results of the Panel Logistic Regression Analysis conducted using the household labor force survey data set, while the individual with an increased education level and income wants to work in the non-agricultural sector, the individual's desire to do additional work leads the person to the agricultural sector. The effects of refugees on the business structure in the agricultural sector and the perspective of the society were investigated in the TR63 Region. In this context, a face-to-face survey was conducted with refugees. In addition, focus group discussions were held with local workers, employers, envoys/sergeants and headmen, and the attitudes of the society towards working and living together were examined. It was concluded that foreign immigrant asylum seekers could not communicate, were not satisfied with their working conditions and wages, and 65% of them wanted to return to their countries.