The problem of illegal employment of unaccompanied children in the context of international law

Wars, internal conflicts, climate change, and economic poverty are factors that have deepened the 'migration' and 'migrant' crisis, making it one of the most significant issues in international law today. Conflicts, the destruction of homes and cities, an increasing sense of insecurity, and violations of fundamental human rights have forced people to flee to safer countries. The most affected group in these circumstances, whose basic rights are often overlooked, are "unaccompanied children." Unaccompanied children are in an extremely vulnerable position due to the lack of legal and social protection mechanisms. As they are deprived of the support of their families or legal guardians, they face physical, psychological, and social risks. International law places special emphasis on the protection of unaccompanied children. International instruments, such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, aim to safeguard the fundamental rights of these children and protect them from exploitation, human trafficking, forced labor, and other illegal activities. However, shortcomings in practice increase the risk of these children being drawn into criminal activities. They are often exploited by malicious or self-serving adults and are used unlawfully in various sectors. The likelihood of these children becoming involved in illegal work, particularly in clandestine industries, heightens their exposure to significant dangers on both an individual and societal level. Therefore, effective international legal regulations and social policies are of critical importance to ensure the protection and well-being of unaccompanied children. This study specifically highlights the employment of unaccompanied children in illegal activities such as armed conflicts, organized crime, sex tourism, migrant smuggling, and international human trafficking. It also focuses on efforts by states to legally integrate these children into the workforce, with the aim of raising awareness and ensuring their more effective protection through legal rules and exemplary regulations.