The role of the principle of permanent impartiality under international politics in ensuring regional peace and stability: The case of Turkmenistan

Peace and stability have always been among the foremost topics in international relations. The emergence of international organizations at an increasing pace after World War II has affected the depth of relations between states. Problems in countries with smaller land areas can, at certain points, turn into international conflicts. International law imposes certain obligations on states, but when these are insufficient, states resort to alternative methods to protect their interests. In this context, formulating an independent policy in accordance with international law is crucial to prevent such conflicts. The Cold War period following World War II influenced multilateral diplomacy and led to the formation of organizations such as NATO and the Warsaw Pact. During this time, some states declared their independence and joined international organizations. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Turkmenistan declared its independence in 1991 and adopted a policy of "permanent neutrality" in diplomacy in 1995, in line with its goals of international cooperation and economic objectives based on peace. On December 12, 1995, the United Nations recognized Turkmenistan as a "Permanently Neutral Country." In this process, Turkmenistan, basing its approach on the principles of international law, established secure relationships with various countries and achieved positive economic outcomes. This thesis examines the role of neutrality in ensuring peace and stability in international relations through the example of Turkmenistan. Furthermore, it addresses the extent of the impact of the neutrality policy on the international stage, whether it is appropriate for other states to adopt this policy given its significant role in resolving international issues, and whether it has strengthened Turkmenistan's position regionally.