Future and development process of mining city, reduced of mineral extraction: Case of zonguldak

Coal had become the most important resource of the era in the 18th century with the discovery of the steam engine, due to this feature it played a major role in the transition of agricultural society to industrial society. Although the machines took the place of man and working conditions were greatly improved with the industrial revolution, labor-intensive property of the coal industry remained through this period. The coal, was the most important product of the development of the 19th century industry, thanks to its regionalism and labor-intensive production qualities, had been effective both in the rapid change of the geography of the regions where the coal was found and in the creation of new physical spaces – habitats and new social relations in the coal basins. During this period, requirements had emerged as providing of the labor force, were needed for mining operations, stabilizing and disciplining of them and taking various measures to ensure the continuity of production. Increase of production and transfer of the capital to the production region lead to the existence of new habitats where labours working in the mining operations, managerial and technical personals could live around the coal basins. Starting from this point, Zonguldak Basin seems to be one of the new space that was produced by the 19th century industrial revolution and coal had been effective in the rapid transformation of physical and social structures at the basin.