Adaptation of self-efficacy regarding vaginal birth scale to Turkish society

Aim: This research was a methodological type study conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the Self-Efficacy Regarding Vaginal Birth Scale (SEVD) developed abroad to determine the self-efficacy of women in terms of vaginal birth by adapting them to Turkish culture. Methods: The population of the study consisted of all the pregnant women who attended the Düzce University Health Implementation and Research Center Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic from May 15, 2018 to May 15, 2019, who 14-40 weeks (2nd and 3rd Trimester) pregnant women and women in the same group with postpartum in 1st month. It was determined that the lower limit for the number of people in the sample must be 5-10 times the number of items on the scale. The study was performed with 165 pregnant women who consented to take part in the study, had no hindrance of a vaginal birth during pregnancy, who had a single and healthy fetus, who had no psychiatric disorder, who were literate, and who primiparous between the ages of 18-45, on the selected dates. Data was collected using a "Personal Description Form" prepared by the researchers consisting of 17 questions covering the socio-demographic, gynecological/obstetric and postpartum period features, the "Self-Efficacy Regarding Vaginal Birth Scale", consisting of 9 items, and "The short form of the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory", consisting of 32 items. To test the validity of the scale, analyses were made of language, coverage, structural and criterion-dependence validity and to test reliability of the scale, internal consistency and temporal invariance were analyzed. Findings: To the language validity of the scale; it was translated to Turkish and then back to English by using the Brislin metod by experts in the field who knew both languages at a good level, had a command of scale terminology and had the experience of data collection / interviewing. After the translations, conceptual, semantic, idiomatic, linguistic and contextual differences were compared and the most appropriate expressions were selected and were combined in a common denominator. After the translation phase, experts were consulted to evaluate the content validity, and the coverage validity index was calculated according to the Davis technique. The coverage validity index values for each item were found to be above 0.80. According to the recommendations made by making the relevant emendations to the items after the final version of the English translation was made by a language expert again and it was presented to approval of the author for consideration in terms of meaning / content. To the structural validity of the scale, confirmatory factor analysis were used. After this analysis, it was found that the 9 items were grouped under one factor. In order to criterion-dependence validity of the scale, there was a significant positive correlation between the "Self-Efficacy Regarding Vaginal Birth Scale" and "The short form of the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory". In the evaluation of the reliability of the scale, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.870. In the test-retest analysis to determine invariance against time, the scale was re-applied to 15 people after 15 days after the application of the scale. In this context, the intra-class correlation coefficient was determined to be very high with 0.924. Conclusion: The Self-Efficacy Regarding Vaginal Birth Scale which has been added to the literature after completed statistical analysis by adaptation was determined that it is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used in the field. Key words: Birth; Self-Efficacy; Scale