An investigation of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary care physicians and medical faculty resident doctors in Van province regarding cancer screenings specialty thesis

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge levels of primary care physicians and medical residents undergoing specialty training in Van Province regarding cancer screening, the translation of this knowledge into clinical practice, and their attitudes toward screening programs. The physicians' own health behaviors and their practices in referring patients for cancer screening were also assessed. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted between October 1, 2024, and January 1, 2025, in Van Province, Türkiye. The study population consisted of physicians working in Family Health Centers (FHCs) and Community Health Centers (CHCs), as well as residents at Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine. A total of 180 participants completed a questionnaire developed based on a literature review, administered both face-to-face and online. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. The chi-square test was applied to assess differences between groups, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: When the relationship between years of professional experience and knowledge level was examined, no statistically significant differences were observed between experience groups for most knowledge-based questions (p>0.05). While the majority of participants possessed basic knowledge regarding national cancer screening programs, notable gaps were identified, particularly concerning screening intervals, recommended age ranges, and methods. Significant differences in knowledge regarding breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screenings were found according to professional title, prior training in cancer screening, and previous experience in primary care settings (p<0.05). Physicians who had received cancer screening training demonstrated significantly higher knowledge levels. In comparisons by professional title, residents had lower correct response rates for questions on the recommended starting age for breast cancer screening, the frequency of fecal occult blood (FOB) testing, and the interval for cervical cancer screening (p<0.05). Conclusion:Differences in knowledge levels were closely associated with professional experience and prior training. Short-term, practice-oriented training programs are needed, particularly for young physicians and those in residency training. Accessibility to up-to-date cancer screening guidelines for healthcare professionals should be enhanced, and widespread, interactive educational opportunities should be provided through digital platforms. Key Words: National Cancer Screening Standards, Early Diagnosis, Family Physician