Modernization of Ottoman agriculture and incentive polities for development of agriculture in 19 century

The political events and the wars in 19.century affected Ottoman economy negatively. In addition to these negative factors, the modernization movements in this era were great strain on Ottoman economy. Ottoman administrators that wanted to overcome all of these problems took some precautions to improve the agriculture that was the most important source of tax and they also practiced some new policies.For this purpose, agricultural bureaucracy was formed, agricultural schools was founded for training about agriculture, and students also were sent to Europe for taking education about agriculture. The financial incentives provided for producers had an important place through the operations that were done by the state for improving and modernizing the agriculture that has an effective place in Ottoman Economic life.Did Ottoman State encourage its producers for developing the agriculture that was so important for its own economy? If it did, what were the methods of the state for encouraging agriculture? Did these methods become successful or not? While all of these questions wanted to be answered in this study, all related literature, archival documents, books and magazines are researched.In that era state encourage agriculture. For this purpose state released the trade of agricultural products, abolished the monopolies, and provided tax exemptions to agricultural producers. State found credit institutions and gave credits to the producers, brought high quality grain from Europe and America, encouraged the development of agriculture industry and machines. The state also helped the Ottoman producers by opening exhibitions and by this way producers could easily found markets for their products. In addition to these, the people who support the agriculture was awarded.By all of these incentives, the agricultural production in 19. Century increased, in parallel with this, the old agricultural system that was only for living was replaced by the new structure that was based on market relations.