Turkish validity and reliability study of while-i̇n-bed-smartphone-use-i̇nduced sleep procrastination scale

Aim: This study aimed to adapt the "While-İn-Bed-Smartphone-Use-İnduced Sleep Procrastination Scale" into Turkish and to assess its validity and reliability. Material and Method: This methodological study was conducted with a total of 658 undergraduate students studying at Dicle University. The data collection instruments included the Bedtime Smartphone Use-Related Sleep Procrastination Scale, the Smartphone Addiction Scale–Short Version (SAS-SV), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Zung Depression Scale (ZDS), and the Sleep Procrastination Scale. For the validity and reliability analyses of the scales, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), test-retest method, parallel form validity, and Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient calculations were used. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23 and IBM SPSS AMOS 23 software. Results: To evaluate the suitability of the measurement model, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy was calculated as 0.803, and Bartlett's test of sphericity was found to be significant (p <0.001). As a result of the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), a single factor with an eigenvalue of 2.863 was obtained, accounting for 47.721% of the total variance. The factor loadings of the items ranged between 0.392 and 0.805, and all item p-values were found to be < 0.001. According to the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) results, the model fit indices were calculated as RMSEA = 0.039; NFI = 0.977; CFI = 0.992; GFI = 0.989; χ²/df = 1.503; IFI = 0.993; TLI = 0.983; and SRMR = 0.027. The internal consistency of the scale was determined by a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.766. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the Bedtime Smartphone Use-Related Sleep Procrastination Scale was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool. Key Words: Smartphone, Sleep, Validity and reliability