Determination of neonatal intensive care patients followed in retinopathy of prematurity due to the assessment and risk factors

Introduction and Goal: Within this survey, it has been aimed to research the links between the development of retinopathy of prematurity, the evolution frequency of the disease which needs a treatment and the risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity on premature infants observed during 2013 and 2014 at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Dicle University Department of Pediatrics, and to compare it with other existent surveys. Materials and Methodology:116 patients, monitored and treated for reason of retinopathy of prematurity at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Dicle University Faculty of Medicine Department of Pediatrics in 2013 and 2014 and staged in terms of retinopathy of prematurity by the Department of Ophthalmology, have been considered. Symptoms: In this survey have been analyzedretrospectively the records of 116 cases which were monitored and threated at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Dicle University Faculty of Medicine Department of Pediatrics and which, with a prediagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity, were evaluated in terms of retinopathy of prematurity by the Department of Ophthalmology of Dicle University Faculty of Medicine between January 2013 and December 2014. Among them 70 females and 46 males. It has been determined that 47.4% of the cases developed a retinopathy of prematurity at any stage. Among the cases which developed retinopathy of prematurity 31.9% of them were at phase 1, 6.9% at phase 2, 7.8% at phase 3 and 0.9%at phase 4. It has been stated that the weight at the birth, gestation weeks, duration of hospital stay, duration of oxygen intake, time of connection to a mechanical ventilator, time of connection to continued positive airway pressure, period of antibiotics treatment, sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, surfactant therapy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and blood transfusion are statistically meaningful in the cases for the development of retinopathy of prematurity. It couldn't been stated that gender, multiple pregnancy, delivery method, DM of the mother, preeclampsia, presence of infection in the mother and mother's smoking habits, patent ductus arteriosus, treatment of patent ductus arteriosus closure, apnea, treatment of apnea, hyperbilirubinemia, necrotizing enterocolitis, pulmonary hemorrhage, convulsion are statistically meaningful in the development of retinopathy of prematurity. Discussion and Conclusion: As a result ofinnovations in recent years, frequency of retinopathy of prematurity, which causes permanent blindness, has been on the rise with the increase of survival rates of premature neonates risky. Therefore, risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity must be very well known. In our survey, low birthweight, low gestational week, long-term oxygen therapy, long-term need of mechanical ventilator, long-termneed of continued positive airway pressure,long-term oxygen uptake with a hood, respiratory distress syndrome, surfactant therapy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, blood transfusion, sepsis and long-term antibiotics treatment have been considered as risk factors. To well know the risk factors in premature infants, to take the necessary precautions and to make retinal examination at time will prevent against unintended consequences of the development of the retinopathy of prematurity.