Development of herbicide resistant lines by chemical mutagen treatment in local Karacadağ rice (Oryza sativa L.)

In this study, it was aimed to determine the herbicide resistance of mutant seeds of some Karacadağ paddy populations (Oryza sativa L.). As a chemical mutagen application, mutation was created by applying 'Sodium Azide' (NaN3) to the seeds before sowing in Atatürk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Biotechnology Laboratory in 2021 and M1 generation was obtained by testing under field conditions. Mutagen treated M1 seeds were sown and the seeds were multiplied. In the 2022 paddy growing season, M2 plants grown under field conditions were treated with herbicide with the active ingredient Imidazolinone (IMI) at the 3-4 leaf stage. The field studies were carried out in three replicates according to the randomized blocks experimental design at Dicle University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Research and Application Area. As a result of the research, 6 plants each from Alatosun and Cobi populations and 3 plants each from Sarıçanak and Subatan populations showing resistance to herbicide application were obtained. Plant height, number of grains in panicle, stem diameter, panicle length, number of tillering and grain weight parameters of the plants obtained were analyzed. As a result of the study, plant height of herbicide treated and herbicide resistant populations varied between 50.67±0.57-56.67±9.00 cm. In herbicide-treated plots, the number of grains in storage varied between 12.41±8.23-28.28±11.21, stem diameter values varied between 2.01±0.72-2.92±0.65 mm, panicle length varied between 9.00±1.64-10.13±1.79 cm, tillering number varied between 1.67±1.36-2.80±0.44 and panicle grain weight varied between 0.88±0.78-1.47±0.39 g. It was found that the control groups without herbicide application gave higher values compared to the herbicide treated plots, and the populations were affected by the mutagen application to different degrees. Grain weight was not affected by herbicide application and no statistically significant difference was observed between the control group and herbicide treated populations. When the herbicide treated populations were compared with their control groups, Alatosun, Sarıçanak and Subatan populations showed no significant difference in terms of grain weight, while the control group of Cobi population showed higher values than the herbicide treated plots.