Yerfistiğinda (Arachis hypogaea L.) mutagen uygulamasi ile agro-morfoloji̇k varyasyonun oluşturulmasi ve Tilling metodu kullanilarak yağ asidi sentezi ve alerjiniteden sorumlu genlerdeki tek baz değişikliklerinin belirlenmesi

Peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) includes high oil and protein content and is cultivated worldwide. The present thesis was conducted to improve its seed quality with the TILLING method. The groundnut variety, NC-7, which is widely grown in Turkey was used as a genetic resource. The seeds of this variety were treated with 0.4% and 1.2% ethyl methane sulfanate (EMS) mutagen for variation, and seeds were planted under field conditions to form M1 population. The seeds obtained from the M1 population were grown under greenhouse conditions for M2 population and DNA samples were taken from the leaves. In the study, the genes responsible for allergenicity (ara h 1.01, ara h 1.02, ara h 2.01, ara h 2.02) and fatty acid synthesis genes (ah FAD2A and ah FAD2B) were selected for TILLING method. PCR screening was performed using markers developed for the identified gene regions and procedure was continued with heteroduplex PCR. Potential mutant genotypes were identified on the Fragment AnalyzerTM and PCR products of these genotypes were sequenced for verification. According to the sequencing results, mutation was not detected in the genes responsible for the allergen. However, expected mutations in the ah FAD2A and ah FAD2B genes responsible for fatty acid synthesis were detected. The mutation frequency was estimated 1 SNP / 317 kb for the ah FAD2A gene in the 0.4% EMS M2 population and 1 SNP / 466 kb for the ah FAD2B gene in the 1.2% EMS M2 population. Thus, potential genotypes with high oleic / linoleic ratio were developed by the thesis study. These mutant genetic resources can be used to develop varieties with high oleic acid in advanced groundnut breeding studies. In addition, M2 population has been developed for different researches. This is the first TILLING study on groundut crop in Turkey.