Investigation of the effects of lightning electromagnetic structures on high voltage electrical facilities

High Voltage energy installations in the process of consuming the energy system in the whole world and Turkey from the production of the brain. Harmonics and failures originating from lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMP) cause large losses in the whole of the high voltage system and cause disruption in energy consumption due to permanent failures at the same time. As a precautionary measure to avoid these failures, it is aimed to model and analyse High Voltage (HV) systems with MATLAB and other simulation programs in the first place and to define correct measures according to these analysis results. On this basis, it is aimed to minimize the analysis and effects of electrical failures, which may occur due to LEMP in the thesis study and in energy transmission lines and related facilities. There are few studies in the international literature and there is no detailed research on the national level. Analytical and numerical methods are used singularly in the studies that are done; model and simulation studies based on real line data are insufficient. In the thesis study, real-time transient analysis with other simulation programs such as MATLAB, EMTP has created the original value of the study. Through the study, a simpler and more practical mathematical modelling has been tried to be developed, and with the obtained software, the solution of the failures originating from the YEMD in the national network has been facilitated considerably. The mathematical model and block models obtained will be shed light on the future research that will be carried out in this area and it is seen as an innovation in terms of the fact that the study results are included in the international literature. Moreover, it is expected that the simulation models obtained because of LEMP analysis will also contribute to the development of smart grid. In the study, the energy transmission lines used in the national energy network are examined in our country. When these examinations are made, the data to be supplied by Turkish Electricity Transmission Company (TEIAS) is taken as basis. Mathematical modelling of LEMP was created in MATLAB environment and it was possible to easily calculate the over currents and voltages that could occur in LEMP results in energy transmission lines and high voltage switchgear installations. With the EMTP-ATP program, the HV system modelled by taking into account the national energy line schemes was implemented as a simulation analysis. In these analytical and simulation solutions, the type of the line, the cross-section of the conductor and the conditions in the region where the line passes are taken into consideration. These analyses depend on many parameters such as the diameter of the conductors, the line load, the current carrying capacity of the conductors, the voltage level, the structure of the line the line passes through, and the grounding of the poles and switchgear. The recent increase in work done to prevent failures originating from LEMP in all over the world has also accelerated the work towards determining failures originating from energy transmission lines. In addition, there are very few studies based on the use of intelligent systems for energy transmission lines, and these studies are more focused on such issues as the analysis of energy quality and harmonics (FFT). In the thesis study, error analysis, which can occur in energy transmission lines, was made and results were compared with analytical calculations. In this way, it is aimed to provide a simpler and more practical mathematical modelling with considerable ease in solving the failures originating from LEMP in the national network with the software to be obtained.