The Effect of national culture on management and organizational processes: A study of cultural perspectives of managers

Models, processes and theories in management and organization developed in some cultures especially those of the USA and Western Europe seem not to equally valid and effective in other cultures. it is obvious that the human society abides by, to a great extent, beliefs, values and norms of the indigenous culture and acts accordingly. This inevitably requires that though they are under the same circumtances, peoples of different cultures should react differently. Thus, developing management styles and human resource management strategies basing on models, processes and theories employed in the USA and/or in Western Europe can, of course, give way to false applications and misleading results. it is almost a must to put forth an indigenous management and organizational methodology. This study is believed to contribute to the idea that öne should preseni cultural pecularities as well as differences, using a recent questionnaire called "cultural perspectives questionnaire-CPQ4". By the same token, it unveils the cultural perspectives of the all-level company managers in terms of activity orientation, human nature orientation, relationships and relation to nature orientation.