Determining the effect of electromagnetic field generated by the high voltage power line on cells of rat spermatogonia

SUMMARY Determining The Effect of Electromagnetic Field Generated by The High Voltage Power Line on Cells of Rat Spermatogonia (YAVAS M.C. Doctorate Dissertation, Page:135, Diyarbakir 2015) The main aim of our study is to research the effect of the electromagnetic field generated by the high voltage (HV) line on the testicles tissue and the serum biochemistry of wistar albino male rats. It also studies, in case of probable interactivity, the protecting effect of melatonin (MEL) and ganoderma lucidum (Gl). For the study, 64 wistar albino rats were divided into 8 equal groups (n:8). During the 26-day-experiment; 1. Group: HV, 2. Group: HV+ Gl, 3.Group: HV+MEL 4.Group: Sham-control. During the 52-day-experiment; 5. Group: HV, 6. Group: HV+ Gl, 7 Group: HV+MEL, 8. Group: Sham-control groups were formed. Melatonin 10 mg/kg was administered on daily basis intraperitonially and Gl 20 mg/kg by oral gavage. To those rats in the 26-day- and 52-day-experiment groups (1. 2. 3. 5. 6. 7. groups) were administered ELF-EMF 8 hours a day. The average magnetic field intensity (2,48 µT ) and electric field (80,3 V/m) in the plexiglas cages was measured. In the final stage of the study, the tissue sections taken from the rats' testicles were evaluated and counted under the light microscope by administering routine histology, immunohistochemistry-PCNA and TUNEL methods. The blood samples from the rats were analyzed for changes in the serum NO, TAS, TOS and OSI parameters. The biochemical findings of the study have shown that, for both 26- and 52-day-test groups, a decrease in TAS and an increase in TOS and OSI of HV group in comparison with the sham group. In the study, we've detected a decrease in the oxidative stress level and an increase in antioxidants of 26-day and 52-day HV+Gl and HV+MEL groups in comparison with HV groups. It's also been determined that the NO level of the 26-day test groups was lower than that of the sham groups. We haven't noticed a meaningful difference in the 52-day test group. Additionally, it's been determined that the NO level of the 52-day HV group increased in proportion with the sham and the 26-day HV group (p<0,05). No difference was determined between the 26- and 52-day test groups (HV+Gl and HV+MEL) (p>0,05). According to the routine and immunohistochemical analysis findings of our study; no difference was detected in weight of left testicles among the test 26-day groups (p>0,05), however we've determined a meaningful difference between weights of the left testicles among the 52-day test groups (p<0,05). As a result of routine histopathology, we've detected such occurrences as degeneration in spermatic cells in the 26- and the 52- day HV groups, full structural deterioration, increasing hyalinization, and an increase in the ligament cell in tubuler field in the 52-day test groups. In the groups to which Gl had been administered, we have noticed that cell degeneration and structural consistency partly recovered, and that, in the groups to which MEL administered, the cell's structural consistency and maturing recovered. As a result of immunohistochemical-PCNA evaluation, it's been observed that, after the 26-day HV administration, in the Gl group PCNA positive cells were more proliferative; whereas in the MEL group PCNA positive cells had lined up along the seminiferous tubule and they were more active than in the Gl groups. In the 52-day-testing, in a comparison carried out between HV and HV+Gl, we've found out that PCNA positive cells had recovered, the proliferation was partial, but in the HV and HV+MEL group PCNA positive cells were more active. Tunel Assay evaluation has produced the results that there was no meaningful difference among the 26-day test groups (p>0,05), but there was a meaning divergence among the 52-day test groups (p<0,05). The MEL group in the 26-day-testing had a % positive signal average considerably lower than that of the HV group (p>0,05); the Gl group's % positive signal average was considerably lower than that of the HV group (p>0,05). The % positive signal values of the 52-day test groups had increased in comparison with the 26-day test groups; there had occurred no significant change between the 52-day HV and HV+Gl groups (p>0,05), but there was a significant divergence between the 52-day HV and HV+MEL groups (p<0,05). In conclusion; our study has shown that the oxidative effect generated by high voltage causes changes in the rat's serum biochemistry; in a number of degenerative deteriorations in the histological structure of the testicle. Furthermore, it's detected that the oxidative effect generated by high voltage produced negative effects in the formation of spermatogonia, and that Gl partly preserves these effects and Melatonin is more active in their preservation. Keywords: High Voltage, ELF-EMF, PCNA, TUNEL assay, Spermatogonia, Antioxidant, Melatonin, Ganoderma lucidum