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Durumluk kaygının dikkat ve yürütücü işlevler üzerindeki etkisi
People complain that their forgetfulness and careless behavior increase in the developing world. Research indicates that anxiety undeniably has an effect on cognitive processes. This study aims to investigate how stress and state anxiety are related with attention and executive functions. Individuals with high state anxiety levels are expected to perform weaker in tests evaluating attention and executive functions than those with low state anxiety levels. An experimental setup was used. First, a pilot study was conducted with a group of 20 people to test whether manipulation to change state anxiety level worked. As manipulation, 2 videos with a length of approximately 5 minutes were used to increase or decrease the state anxiety in the participant. Participants were assigned to the videos by simple random assignment method. After the video was finished, a measure of state anxiety was given. After the observation that the manipulation worked, the main study was started. At this stage, data were collected from 66 participants who are undergraduate and graduate students at Yeditepe University with an average age of 21 years. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the two video conditions. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Öner & LeCompte, 1985) and Perceived Stress Scale (Demirkıran, Dereboy, Eskin & Harlak, 2013) were given to the participants to evaluate anxiety and stress levels. Stroop Test (Karakaşve et al., 1999), Forward and Backward Digit Span Tasks (Wechsler, 1987) and Verbal Fluency Test (Tumaç, 1997) were used as the assessment of attention and executive functions. When participants with high and low state anxiety were compared, it was observed that participants with low anxiety level were more successful in executive function tests than participants with high anxiety level. The results were discussed in the light of the relevant literature and the recommendations for future studies and clinical applications were presented. Keywords: state anxiety, stress, attention, cognitive processes, executive functions
Sağlık profesyonellerinin beş büyük kişilik özellikleri ile psikolojik dayanıklılıkları arasındaki ilişki
In literature, there are several studies focusing on the relationship between big five personal traits and psychological resilience. However, the studies researching this relationship solely in healthcare professionals are rare. Therefore, this study will be an innovative study for the literature to examine the personality traits and psychological resilience of healthcare professionals. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the personality traits and psychological resilience. This study has six hypotheses: 1) resilience and neuroticism are negatively correlated, 2) resilience and extraversion are positively correlated, 3) resilience and consciousness are positively correlated, 4) resilience and openness to new experience are positively correlated, 5) resilience and agreeableness are positively correlated 6) big Five personality traits significantly predict psychological resilience. The sample of the study consists of 412 healthcare professionals. Resilience is measured by the averages of Brief Resilience Scale and the Five Factor Personality traits measured by the averages of Adjectives Based Personality Scale. As a result, a negative correlation was found with resilience and neuroticism. A positive relationship was found between resilience and extraversion, conscientiousness and openness to new experiences. However, no relationship was found between resilience and agreeableness. In addition, the neuroticism and extraversion, significantly explain resilience; openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness did not significantly explain psychological resilience.
Üniversite öğrencilerinde ebeveynlik stilleri, beş faktörlü kişilik özellikleri ve sınırdurum kişilik özelliklerinin kişilerarası bağımlılık üzerindeki rollerinin incelenmesi
This study aimed to examine the roles of parenting styles, big-five personality traits, and borderline personality characteristics on interpersonal dependency in university students. In the present study, 422 Turkish university students were recruited. Parenting Style Scale, Big-Five Inventory Short Form, Borderline Personality Inventory, and Interpersonal Dependency Inventory were used to test the data. In the first step, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was run to examine the predictors of interpersonal dependency. And then, the interactions of significant predictors (i.e., authoritarian parenting style, authoritative parenting style, neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness) on interpersonal dependency were examined through 2X2 ANCOVAs, controlling for borderline personality characteristics. The findings suggested that there was a significant interaction effect of authoritarian parenting style and neuroticism on interpersonal dependency when borderline personality characteristics were controlled. The main effect of authoritarian parenting style on interpersonal dependency was significant. Moreover, there was a marginally significant interaction effect of authoritarian parenting style and extraversion on interpersonal dependency when borderline personality characteristics were controlled. Both the main effects of authoritarian parenting style and extraversion on interpersonal dependency were also significant. The findings, clinical implications, and limitations of the present study were discussed.
Klinik psikoloji yüksek lisans öğrencilerinde süpervizör ittifakı ile terapötik ittifak arasındaki ilişkide duygu düzenleme stratejilerinin düzenleyici rolü
Clinical psychology trainees may encounter compelling emotions while conducting sessions with clients even though they are not licensed yet in the period of training. Psychotherapy supervision which is a triadic (supervisor-trainee and therapist-client) process has a crucial role to help trainees to realize emotion regulation processes. There is limited research on the role of emotion regulation strategies in training therefore, a need appears to investigate the role of emotion regulation strategies in trainees. To date, no research investigated the moderating role of emotion regulation strategies in supervision and psychotherapy context. The present study aimed to investigate the moderating role of reappraisal and suppression between the supervisory and therapeutic alliance. Three hypotheses were as follows: 1) supervisory alliance and therapeutic alliance are positively correlated, 2) a higher level of reappraisal strengthens the relationship between supervisory alliance and therapeutic alliance, and 3) a lower level of suppression strengthens the relationship between supervisory alliance and therapeutic alliance. Seventy-eight clinical psychology trainees participated. Turkish Working Alliance Inventory – Therapist Form, Short Form of Turkish Working Alliance Inventory – Supervisee Form, and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were used to measure therapeutic alliance, supervisory alliance, and emotion regulation respectively. Results indicated that there was a positive correlation between supervisory and therapeutic alliance. There was no significant moderation effect of reappraisal. However, there was a significant moderation effect of suppression. Findings suggested that suppression improved the relationship between supervisory and therapeutic alliance. Results were discussed in accordance with the literature. Practical implications, limitations, and suggestions for future studies were provided.
Zaman perspektifi ve olumsuz geçmiş deneyimlerinin obezitede risk alma davranışı ile ilişkisi
Obesity is a complex and multifactorial medical condition that threatens public health worldwide. The World Health Organization defines obesity as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that poses a health risk for the individual. Risk-taking behavior is defined as any consciously or unconsciously controlled behavior that includes perceived uncertainty about potential benefits or harms for the physical, economic or psychosocial well-being of the person or others. On the other hand, time perspective is a cognitive construct that describes a person's orientation towards the importance of the present, past, and future. Past negative experience is defined as any traumatic experience that occurs during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, including emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, rape, bullying by peers, witnessing domestic violence, and serious life-threatening accidents. According to the somatic marker hypothesis, which claims that emotional and internal states can influence decision making, obese individuals may experience ''myopia for future'' and prioritize positive somatic markers related to possible high reward over negative somatic markers. Although there are studies investigating the relationship between obesity and risk-taking behavior in the literature, the relationship between time perspective, past negative experiences, and decision making in obesity has not yet been investigated in detail. This study therefore aimed to examine the relationship between time perspective and past negative experiences with risk-taking behavior in obesity. Forty-four (23 female, 21 male) healthy participants and 43 (22 female, 21 male) obese participants between the ages of 18-60 were included. Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Childhood Trauma Scale, Barratt Impulsivity Scale Short Form (BIS-11), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) were administered to the participants, respectively. The results revealed that participants in the healthy group performed significantly better than obese participants, and gradually increased their scores during the test, indicating that they improved their performance as a result of learning. IGT performance was significantly correlated with body mass index, impulsivity, and future time perspective for the overall sample. Finally, the result of the regression analysis indicated that future time perspective was a significant predictor of risk-taking behavior, as measured by IGT. In addition, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between BMI and IGT score. In addition, BART performance, which is another measure of risk-taking behavior, was found to be associated with past negative experience, physical neglect, in particular. We believe our findings shed more light on the psychological aspects of obesity, and possible intervention methods for both prevention and treatment. Keywords: Obesity, Time Perspective, Past Negative Experiences, Risk-Taking Behavior
Üzüntü ve duygu düzenlemedeki zorlukların egzersiz bağımlılığı olan kişilerde duygusal yeme davranışına etkisi: Deneysel bir çalışma
The present study aimed to examine the effects of sadness and difficulties in emotion regulation on emotional eating in individuals with exercise addiction. The first part of the study recruited 587 participants from exercisers. The sample for the second part of the study consisted of 85 exercisers. In the study, an experimental method of observing food choices following a mood induction procedure was used. Also, the demographic information form, the Exercise Dependence Scale-21, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, The SCOFF Questionnaire, and the Visual Analog Scale were administered. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to test the effectiveness of the mood induction procedure. Then a chi-square test was conducted to examine the relationship between the mood condition and participants' food choices. Finally, binary logistic regression analysis was run to examine the predictors of emotional eating. Results demonstrated that the autobiographical recall method was effective in arousing the desired mood in participants. However, it was found that there was no significant relationship between participants' mood condition and their food choices. Moreover, sadness, difficulties in emotion regulation, and exercise addiction did not significantly predict emotional eating. The clinical implications, limitations, and recommendations for future research were discussed.
Karantina döneminde Türkiye'de kişilik özellikleri, Covid-19 algısı ve uyku kalitesi arasındaki ilişki
Purpose of this study is to investigate associations between neuroticism, extraversion, psychoticism personality traits, quality of sleep and perception of COVID-19 in the quarantine period in Turkey. Sample of the study consist of 236 participants (176 female, 60 male) who spent the quarantine period in Turkey. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Abbreviated (EPQR-A), Perception of COVID-19 (P-COVID-19), Perception of Causes of COVID-19 (PCa-COVID-19) and Avoidance Attitudes Towards COVID-19 (AA-COVID-19) were given to participants. Participants reported poor sleep quality during quarantine. Results show neuroticism trait is associated with worse sleep quality when compared to extraversion trait. Perceived dangerousness of COVID-19 is associated with neuroticism trait, supporting existing literature. Psychoticism trait scores are found to be negatively correlated with behavioral avoidance and perceived dangerousness. Despite previous research, no significant difference is found between genders in terms of perception and avoidance attitudes for COVID-19.
Ölüm kaygısı, bağlanma stilleri ve ilişki durumu
In literature, there is little research focusing on death anxiety. This is because there is a large number of variables that relate to death anxiety. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between death anxiety and two anxiety buffer mechanisms which were attachment styles and relationship status. The sample of the study consisted of 207 university students. In this study, the Thorson-Powell Death Anxiety Scale was used to measure death anxiety levels of the participants, and the Relationship Scale Questionnaire was used to measure their attachment styles. According to the results of the research, a positive correlation was found between the death anxiety scores of the participants and their secure, dismissing, and fearful attachment styles. However, no significant relation was found between the death anxiety scores of the participants and their preoccupied attachment styles. A significant difference was found between death anxiety scores of the participants who were in a relationship and of those who were not. Participants who were in a relationship reported higher death anxiety than those who were not in a relationship.
Duygu düzenleme ve sosyal medya bağımlılığı: Temel psikolojik ihtiyaç deneyimlerinin rolünün araştırılması
In the present research, social media addiction was investigated together with two potential underlying psychological factors: emotion regulation and basic psychological need experiences. The aim of the research was to examine the mediating role of experiences of need frustration in the relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and social media addiction. Volunteered 320 university students between the ages of 18-25 (M = 19.66, SD = 1.45) who use social media participated in the research via online forms. The Demographic Information Form, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Brief Form, Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale, and Social Media Addiction Scale were used to collect data. Results indicated that emotion regulation difficulties were positively linked to social media addiction. Experiences of need frustration partially mediated the relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and social media addiction. In the behavioral addiction context, the present research provided additional information to the literature regarding underlying psychological factors of social media addiction. The findings imply the importance of emotion regulation and basic psychological needs in the prevention and treatment of social media addiction.
Affektif sinirbilim ölçeği kısa formu (ASKÖ-kısa form) Türkçe adaptasyon çalışması
The aim of this study is to adapt Brief Form of Affective Neuroscience Scales (BANPS) into Turkish culture and examine its reliability and validity. BANPS was originally developed by Barrett and colleagues (2013) to shorten and improve the psychometric properties of ANPS (Davis et al., 20013). The BANPS consisted of 33 items and six scales which aim to assess personality traits on the basis of six affective systems (SEEK, PLAY, CARE, FEAR, ANGER, SADNESS). The reliability and validity analyses of Turkish BANPS were conducted with three groups of participants, including all participants (N= 873), young adults (N= 296), and adults (N= 577). The original methodology utilized in the construction of BANPS and Turkish ANPS (Özkarar-Gradwohl et al., 2014) was followed both in reliability and validity analyses. The results implicated that the gender and age of the participants are important variables in BANPS scores. The Cronbach alpha values both for total and individual scales of BANPS indicated that the Turkish BANPS has good internal reliability. The results of overall reliability and validity analyses demonstrated that Turkish BANPS is a reliable and valid tool to utilize in assessing individual differences in primary affective systems in the Turkish non-clinical young adult and adult populations. The limitations and suggestions for future studies are also discussed as well as the findings of the study. Keywords: personality, scale adaptation, affective neuroscience, brief-ANPS, ANPS
Duygusal açıklık, yetişkin bağlanması ve duygusal yeme
Emotional eating is one of the most studied topics recently and has been the subject of many medical and psychological studies. This research examined the relationship among emotional eating, emotional clarity, and adult attachment and was conducted during the Coronavirus pandemic, in two periods (self- quarantine and new normal periods) with and without governmental restrictions. The study was conducted with a total of 194 participants; 69 in the self- quarantine period and 125 in the new normal period; between the ages of 20-45. To measure emotional eating scores, eating with positive and negative emotions subscale of "Emotional Appetite Questionnaire" (Demirel et. al., 2014) was used. Emotional clarity subscale of "Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Strategies" (Rugancı & Gençöz, 2010) was used to measure emotional clarity. Additionally, to measure attachment dimensions, "Experiences in Close Relationships- Revised" (Selçuk et. al., 2005) scale was used. As a result, a positive correlation between attachment anxiety and emotional clarity scores, as well as attachment avoidance and emotional clarity scores were found in the new-normal period. In this period, no significant relationship was found between emotional eating and attachment dimensions and emotional clarity scores. In self-quarantine period, positive relationships between attachment anxiety and eating with positive emotions scores, as well as attachment anxiety and emotional clarity scores were found. However, no significant differences were found between avoidant attachment dimension and emotional eating and emotional clarity scores during this period. The findings were evaluated in the light of the literature and suggestions for future studies were presented. Keywords: emotional eating, eating with positive emotions, eating with negative emotions, emotional clarity, attachment, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance
Narsisizm ve flört şiddetine yönelik tutum arasındaki ilişki
Despite extensive research about narcissism and attitudes towards violence in romantic relationships in the world, the number of studies conducted in Turkey in this area, as well as investigating grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, is very few and limited. There is a need to understand the increasing violence in relationships in Turkey, and to determine the personality traits of individuals with high violence attitudes. In this study, the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and attitudes towards dating violence was investigated. The study participants were 229 individuals between the ages of 18-35, single men and women, continuing their undergraduate/graduate programs or graduated from the university. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Atay, 2009) was used to evaluate the grandiose narcissism levels of the participants, and Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (Şengül, et al. 2015) was used to specify the vulnerable narcissism levels. In order to determine the dating violence attitudes of the participants, two scales were used: Attitudes Towards Dating Violence Scale (Yumuşak & Şahin, 2014) and Intimate Partner Violence Attitude Scale (Demirtaş, et al. 2017). Results showed that there was a relationship was between vulnerable narcissism and positive attitudes towards physical/psychological violence of women/men as measured with Attitudes Towards Dating Violence Scales. There was no relationship between grandiose narcissism and positive attitudes towards physical/psychological violence of women/men as measured with Attitudes Towards Dating Violence Scales, but there was a relationship between grandiose narcissism and positive attitudes towards psychological violence as measured with Intimate Partner Violence Attitude Scale. There was no relationship between grandiose narcissism and positive attitudes towards control and towards physical violence. When the total scores were evaluated, there was a relationship between vulnerable narcissism and postive attitudes towards dating violence. There was a relationship between vulnerable narcissism and psychological violence and Control as measured with Intimate Partner Violence Attitude Scale. There was no relationship between vulnerable narcissism and positive attitudes towards physical violence. When the total scores were evaluated, there was a relationship between vulnerable narcissism and attitudes towards dating violence. The results were discussed in the light of the relevant literature, and suggestions for future studies were presented.
İnternet oyun oynama bozukluğunu anlamak: İnternet oyun oynama bozukluğunun video oyun türü, algılanan stres, üstbilişler, başa çıkma becerileri ve erteleme ile ilişkisi
The current study investigates predictors of internet gaming disorder and explores the relationship between video game genres and internet gaming disorder. Participants (1466) were recruited through various social media platforms and the inclusion criteria were being over 18 and to play video games at least one time a week. Participants filled the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale Short Form, Metacognitions about Online Gaming Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Tuckman Procrastination Scale, Cognitive Attentional Syndrome 1 Scale, and Coping Styles Scale-Brief Form. Negative metacognitions, perceived stress, positive metacognitions, procrastination, cognitive attentional syndrome, mental disengagement-denial, and substance use significantly predicted higher internet gaming disorder scores. Battle Royale, Role-playing, Adventure, Action-adventure, Shooter, Survival, Platform, Multiplayer Online Battle Arena, and Massive Multiplayer Online Role-playing Game genres were found to be positively correlated with internet gaming disorder scores. In the final section, findings were discussed; limitations, further study recommendations, and clinical implications were elaborated on. In conclusion, this study contributed to the literature on internet gaming disorder by examining predictors and video game genre preferences in the Turkish population.
Problemli egzersiz davranışı olan bireylerde depresyon ve anksiyete: Benlik farklılığı ve kendilik bilinci duyguları ile ilişkileri
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediator roles of self-conscious emotions (i.e., shame, and guilt) on the relationship between self-discrepancy (i.e., ideal, ought, and undesired) and depression or anxiety among individuals with excessive exercise behavior. The study consisted of 178 participants (91 male and 78 female) with an average age of 32.7 years (between 18-62 years old). The instruments included the demographic form, Exercise Dependence Scale-2, Integrated Self-Discrepancy Index, Test of Self-Conscious Affect-3, and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale. To test the main hypotheses, a series of simple mediation analyses were carried out through PROCESS Macro. The results demonstrated that shame-proneness negatively mediated the relationship between ideal self-discrepancy and depression in individuals with excessive exercise behavior. Moreover, shame-proneness acted as a mediator in the relationship between undesired self-discrepancy and both depression and anxiety. The findings are discussed along with their clinical implications and limitations were considered.
Romantik ilişkide aldatılma şüphesi: Yatırım modeli perspektifi
Infidelity is one of the most studied topics in relationship literature. It has been shown that it affects both the relationship and the spouses in different ways. This study investigated the relationship between suspicion of infidelity and the commitment level of young adults who were in an ongoing dating relationship with the aid of Investment Model variables which are investment, satisfaction, and quality of alternatives. In the current study, the Investment Model variables were expected to mediate the relationship between the suspicion of infidelity and commitment. A total of 312 young adults (71.8% women; 27.6% men; 0.6% other) who were in a dating relationship participated in the study. The Relationship Stability Scale, the Partner Intentions Towards Infidelity Scale, and Demographic Information Form were used for data collection. In the current study, our model where suspicion of infidelity was the predictor, satisfaction, quality of alternatives, and investment were mediators, and commitment was an outcome was tested. According to the results, the quality of alternatives and satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between suspicion of infidelity and commitment. Moreover, exploratory analyses showed that suspicion of infidelity did not change in terms of gender or history of being cheated. These results can be important for the understanding of the relationship between suspicion of infidelity and commitment.
Terapi odası ortamının psikoterapiye dair beklentiler üzerindeki etkisi
Clients' expectations of psychotherapy are important because they can actually affect the process and outcome of therapy. Not only therapists' behavior but also the characteristics of their therapy room could potentially influence clients' expectations. This study aimed to investigate the effects of therapy room interior designs on the formation of expectations of psychotherapy. Three photographs of typical therapy rooms were prepared, representing variations in seating arrangement and furniture: A) home-style furniture and egalitarian seating arrangement, B) classic Freudian-couch arrangement, and C) office-type furniture and desk-between seating arrangement. Participants consisted of those who have a prior experience of psychotherapy as a client (n=81) and those who have no experience (n=81). They were shown three rooms in a counterbalanced sequence and asked to complete the Milwaukee Psychotherapy Expectations Questionnaire each time. They were also asked open-ended questions: what element of the rooms attracted their attention, and what they liked/disliked about the rooms. The result indicated that psychotherapy-related expectations differed based on the room characteristics. The participants' expectations were the highest in Room A and the lowest in the Room C, regardless of their therapy experience. Thematic analysis of the responses to the open-ended questions revealed three themes regarding seating arrangement, Sincerity, Power Dynamics, and Feeling of Security, and two themes concerning furnishing, Simplicity, and Homeyness. The room that looks like a manager's office, which is common in Turkey, was received most negatively by both groups. Given the results, paying careful attention to the choice of furniture and seating arrangement when designing therapy rooms was recommended. Keywords: therapy room, psychotherapy expectations, interior design, seating arrangement, furniture type
Biriktirme davranışına sahip Türk örnekleminde keşifsel bir çalışma
Hoarding research in Turkey is still in an early stage, where both quantative and qualitative research is needed to understand hoarding in the Turkish context. This is an exploratory qualitative study of a Turkish sample of individuals who exhibit compulsive hoarding behavior. The study consists of two phases. Firstly, an online hoarding screening survey (N=357) was conducted using three diagnostic tools (i.e., Saving Inventory-Revised, Hoarding Rating Scale, and Clutter Image Rating). Secodly, those who met the critera for hording disorder (n=13) were invited to an online interview. Four participants agreed. Interview transcriptions were studied through the idiosyncratic case study approach of Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis, which enabled the researcher to discover four higher-order themes and their sub-themes that were common across the cases. They were: 1) "Guarding Against Failure", whose sub-themes were "Fear of Not Having Something Necessary When Needed", "Fear of Losing Financial Resources", and "Fear of Losing Memories"; 2) "Rooted in the Family" whose sub-themes were "Like Mother Like Daughter", "Modeling" and "Shared Family Activity"; 3) "Triggering Traumatic Experience" whose two sub-themes were "Family Health Crisis" and "Family Financial Crisis"; and 4) "Limited Insight & Distortion of Reality" with four sub-themes as "Normalization", "Denial", "Underestimation" and "Justification". While the results were in line with the cognitive-behavioral model of hoarding, the family-centered themes such as horading as a family activity and traumatic events in the family were sailient in the participants' experiences. Limitations of the present study was discussed and suggestions for further studies were presented.
Kadınlarda kişilerarası cinsel nesneleştirme ve dissosiyasyon arasındaki ilişkide kendini nesneleştirme, öz-tiksinme ve öz-şefkatin aracılık rollerinin incelenmesi
In interpersonal interactions, women can be subjected to sexual objectification, discrimination, and sexual, verbal, or physical harassment. Sexual objectification experiences in everyday life have a hidden trauma function even though there is no overt trauma present. As women frequently encounter such experiences, psychological well-being is negatively affected, and some effects of trauma, such as dissociative experiences, are regularly observed. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating roles of adult women's experiences of self-objectification, self-disgust, and self-compassion experiences on their interpersonal sexual objectification-related dissociative experiences. 391 women between the ages of 19 and 72 participated in the study. Sociodemographic form, Interpersonal Sexual Objectification Scale, Objectified Body Consciousness Scale, Self-Disgust Scale – Revised Version, and Self-Compassion Scale Short Form were used. According to the results, it was seen that interpersonal sexual objectification experiences predicted dissociation. This relationship is mediated by body shame (a subscale of the objectified body consciousness scale), self-disgust, and self-compassion. However, body surveillance, another subscale of objectified body consciousness, did not play a mediating role in this relationship. This study showed that high body shame, high self-disgust, and low self-compassion play a statistically significant role in high dissociative experiences associated with sexual objectification in interpersonal relationships.
Ebeveynleşme ile ayrışma-bireyleşme arasındaki ilişkide utanç ve suçluluğun aracı rolü
In this study, the main purpose was to explore the mediating roles of shame and guilt in the relationship between parentification and separation-individuation. In order to measure the relationships between variables, data was collected through an online survey with the participation of 384 individuals between ages 18 and 58. Parentified Child Scale-Adult Version, Separation-Individuation Inventory, The Trait Shame and Guilt Scale and Demographic Information Form were used to assess these variables respectively. Quantitative research methods were used through the SPSS : 1) correlational analysis of study variables with each other were performed, 2) mediation analysis was performed for the mediating role of shame and guilt on the relationship between parentification and separation-individuation issues, 3) means of demographic informations and study variables were compared for their possible contribution. The findings suggested that all study variables had significant and positive relationships among themselves. Therefore, there was a significant and positive relationship between parentification and separation-individuation issues. In addition, according to mediation analysis, it was observed that parentification significantly predicted shame and did not significantly predict guilt. However, when shame and guilt were taken into equation at the same time, both emotions were found to have a positive and significant partial mediating role in the relationship between parentification and separation-individuation issues. Finally, all findings were discussed in reference to existing literature and implications along with future directions were presented. Keywords: Guilt; parentification; role reversal; separation-individuation; shame
Sağlıklı ve patolojik yaşlanmada otobiyografik bellek işlevleri ve afektif sinirbilim kişilik özellikleri ile ilişkisi
Autobiographical memory (ABM) refers to our personal past experiences. How we remember these experiences has been widely studied for decades, whereas why we remember those memories (i.e., functions of ABM) has gained attention only recently. However, functions of autobiographical remembering in people with dementia has been completely unexplored. This study aims to investigate ABM functions in patients with episodic memory deficits (i.e., patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and early-stage Alzheimer's Dementia) as well as cognitively healthy individuals, besides the relationship between affective neuroscience personality traits and ABM functions in these groups. Thirty-six patients and 26 cognitively healthy older adults were asked to fill in Brief Form of Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale (BANPS) and Autobiographical Memory Functions Scale (AMFS). We found that age of the participants was negatively correlated with their scores on SEEK (i.e., curiosity) and PLAY (i.e., playfulness) subscales of BANPS, as well as with their frequency of remembering their memories to understand themselves better; while education was positively related to SEEK. Also, SEEK was positively related to participants' frequency of remembering their memories to take lessons from their pasts; while CARE (i.e., how affectionate the person is towards the others) was positively related to frequency of remembering the past on a hint basis. Even though not conclusive, our results suggest that there might be differences in personality characteristics and ABM functions between healthy individuals and patients with episodic memory decline.
Ayrışma bireyleşme süreçleri ile Ortoreksiya nevroza arasındaki ilişki: Kırılgan narsisizm aracı rolü
In this study, it was aimed to examine the mediating role of vulnerable narcissism in the relationship between separation-individuation process and orthorexia nervosa. 238 participants ages between 18 and 49 participated in the study. "Sociodemographic Information Form", "Separation-Individuation Form", "Orto-11" and "Pathological Narcissism Inventory were used on participants. In the analysis, the first Pearson Correlation was applied to examine the relationship between separation-individuation, orthorexia nervosa and vulnerable narcissism. After the correlation analysis, the mediation was conducted to understand the mediating role of vulnerable narcissism effects of separation-individuation and orthorexia nervosa. The mediating role of analysis showed that separation-individuation were significantly and positively associated with the vulnerable narcissism. The direct effects of vulnerable narcissism on orthorexia nervosa were found to be positively significant. The total effect on separation-individuation to orthorexia nervosa was found to be positively significant. In general, higher levels of vulnerable narcissism were related to orthorexia nervosa tendency and higher levels of separation-individuation issues. Moreover, higher levels of separation-individuation issues were related to orthorexia nervosa. The results obtained by this research can be crucial to understand early relationships influence on personality and orthorexia nervosa's relationship with it.
Çocukluk çağı travmaları ve dissosiyasyon arasındaki ilişkide öz-tiksinmenin rolü
In this study, it was aimed to examine the mediating role of self-disgust in the relationship between childhood traumas and dissociation in adults. 376 participants between the ages of 21-50 participated in the study. "Sociodemographic Information Form", Childhood Mental Trauma Scale 33-item Form, Dissociation Scale and Self-Disgust Scale were used on the participants. In the study, Pearson Correlation was applied to examine the relationship between childhood traumas, dissociation and self-disgust. Mediator role analysis was conducted to examine the mediating role of self-disgust in the effects of childhood traumas on dissociation levels. Based on the findings obtained in the study, it was found that the childhood traumas of the participants had a positive and significant relationship with dissociation and self-disgust. In line with the mediator role analysis findings, it was concluded that childhood traumas do not have a direct effect on dissociation and the effect is significant in the presence of self-disgust. Self-disgust can be considered as a triggering factor for individuals with a childhood traumatic history to have dissociative symptoms. It is thought that the results obtained can be supported by further research and the evaluation of self-disgust may be effective in the evaluation of the dissociation risk in individuals with a childhood traumatic history in clinical practice.
Savunma mekanizmalarının kayıp yaşantılarında bitmemiş işler ve travma sonrası büyümede aracı rolü
Depending on the quality of the relationship with the deceased and the characteristics of the loss, the mourner may feel that there are unfinished issues with the deceased. Thus, the grieving process can be more severe. Research on the phenomenon of posttraumatic growth claims that people may experience positive changes in several domains. Defence mechanisms protect the individual from extreme anxiety and negative emotions, and they may contribute to growth. The thesis examines the mediating role of defences on the relationship between unfinished business in bereavement and posttraumatic growth. The sample consisted of 340 participants who had experienced a loss of a loved one during the last 6 months to 10 years. Their levels of unfinished business, defence mechanisms, and growth were assessed by means of Unfinished Business in Bereavement Scale Brief Form, Defence Style Questionnaire, and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. As a result, there was no significant indirect relationship between unfinished business and growth through defence mechanisms. Limitations and suggestions for future research were presented.
COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde çevrimiçi psikoterapi ortamı ve terapötik ilişkiye yansımaları
The purpose of this study was to explore how psychotherapy setting is affected by the mandatory conversion from face-to-face psychotherapy setting to online platforms due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, mainly with respect to the relationship between subjective perceptions and/or experiences regarding COVID-19 and therapeutic alliance for both psychotherapists and patients. A sample of 94 Turkish participants which consisted of 62 psychotherapy patients and 32 mental health professionals filled out the questionnaire whilst semi-structured interviews were done with nine psychotherapists and seven psychotherapy patients. The data collection process lasted from February 2022 to May 2022. As survey questions present quantitative correlations, semi-structured interviews were done to provide a deeper understanding of the outcomes of this shift. Findings show that while COVID-19 history of patients was not related to their alliance scores, psychotherapists who have first-degree relatives tested for COVID-19 positive show significantly lower Working Alliance Invertory (WAI) scores. Both patients and psychotherapists addressed the advantages and disadvantages of OPT in accordance with their COVID-19 perceptions. While the loss of a shared room and embodied psychotherapy setting is a main consideration of both parts, the length of the ongoing psychotherapy process significantly correlated with WAI scores for patients. Patients who considered there are no advantages of OPT showed significantly lower WAI-Bond scores whereas for psychotherapists, the number of disadvantages of OPT was significantly correlated with lower WAI-Bond scores. Limitations and implications for further research were discussed.
Borderline özellikler insanları daha hassas hale getirir mi? borderline kişilik özellikleri ile zihinselleştirme kapasitesi arasındaki ilişki
The literature on the relationship between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and Theory of Mind (ToM) has revealed mixed results. Studies generally indicate difficulties in mentalization abilities among individuals with BPD, but it is still unclear whether these difficulties stem from a deficit in mentalization (or ToM) or from excessive mentalization. This study therefore aimed to investigate the relationship between borderline personality traits, reflective functioning, and ToM. A total of 70 participants took part in the study. The age range of the participants was 19 to 58, with the majority falling into the young adult category. Borderline Personality Scale, Reflective Functioning Scale, Experiences in Close Relationships- II Scale, Beck Depression scale, and Faux Pas Task were utilized in data collection process. The results indicated that participants with high borderline traits displayed a greater tendency towards hypomentalization rather than hypermentalization. Additionally, participants with high borderline traits obtained lower scores in the Faux Pas Task. Furthermore, higher scores on BPS were related to higher levels of both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. No significant results were obtained with regard to age and gender. These findings are significant in enhancing our understanding of the relationship between borderline personality traits and mentalization. Keywords: borderline personality disorder (BPD), mentalization, reflective function, Theory of mind (ToM), faux pas task
Ortoreksiya nervoza ile zihinselleştirme arasındaki ilişki: Duygu düzenlemenin aracı rolü
Variables of this study, orthorexia nervosa, mentalization are new concepts in the literature and studies on these subjects have increased recently. This study aims to investigate whether there is a relationship between orthorexia nervosa and reflective functioning (mentalization) through the possible mediator role of emotion regulation difficulties. The study was conducted by using correlation analysis. The Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ-8) - Short Version scale was used to measure mentalization capacity, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Brief Form (DERS-16) scale to measure emotion regulation difficulties, and the ORTO-11 Inventory scale to measure orthorexia nervosa. A total of 200 participants in the ages between 18 and 45 are participated in the study. The findings of the study show there is not a significant relationship between reflective functioning and orthorexia nervosa. The results also indicate no significant relationship between orthorexia nervosa and difficulty in emotion regulation. Yet there is a positive and statistically significant effect of reflective functioning on emotion regulation difficulties. Finally, findings shows no significant mediator role of emotion regulation between reflective functioning and orthorexia nervosa. Although some of the results of the study are compatible with the literature, different results are also found and the possible reasons for these findings are discussed. The variables of this research are the new topics in the literature and this study aims to contribute to this newly formed literature. It is hoped that the results of the study will be an opportunity for new studies. Keywords: emotion regulation, mentalization, orthorexia nervosa, reflective functioning
Bilişsel abartma tarzının sosyal kaygı üzerindeki yordayıcı rolü
Looming Cognitive Style (LCS) has been proposed as a cognitive vulnerability factor specific to anxiety. This study aims to investigate the predictive role of LCS on trait and state social anxiety. With this purpose, for social anxiety manipulation, 30 participants were asked to make a short presentation about themselves. This relationship of concern was aimed to be investigated by assessing LCS and social anxiety assessments taken prior to the presentation. In this regard, the Demographic Information Form, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Questionnaire, Looming Maladaptive Style Questionnaire-Revised (LMSQ-R), State Social Looming Questionnaire, and Visual Analogue Scales for anxiety level were used to gather data from the participants. In order to test and finalize the applied procedure, pilot studies were conducted and expert opinions were taken prior to the main study. The results yielded by correlation and regression analysis showed that LCS and trait social anxiety were positively correlated, and state social looming predicted the change in anxiety. A significant relationship between trait LCS and state social looming or trait social anxiety and state social anxiety could not be found. The findings were debated in the light of relevant previous research, and possible contributions of the study to the literature and clinical practice were discussed.
Bilinçli farkındalık ve uyku kalitesi arasındaki ilişki: Akıllı telefon bağımlılığı ve uyku vaktini ertelemenin aracı rolü
Bedtime procrastination is a novel field of research compared to the other procrastination types and has often been associated with inadequate sleep and well-being. The present study examined a serial mediation model and hypothesized that smartphone addiction and bedtime procrastination would serially mediate the relationship between mindfulness and sleep quality. Participants were recruited from online platforms and 409 participants filled the survey. The inclusion criteria were being 18 years old and over. Three-hundred-eighty-five of the participants' data were included for the analyses since 24 participants did not follow the instructions. The data collection instruments that were presented to the participants in the present study were demographic information form, Smartphone Addiction Scale, Bedtime Procrastination Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The analyses provided support for the serial mediation model. Mindfulness predicted lower levels of smartphone addiction, which in turn predicted lower levels of bedtime procrastination and subsequently better sleep quality. The findings were presented in the concluding part, along with limitations, recommendations for future research, and clinical implications. In conclusion, the findings of the present study support the role of mindfulness on smartphone addiction and bedtime procrastination in relationship with sleep quality.
Beyaz yakalı çalışanlar arasında makyavelizm, büyüklenmeci ve kırılgan narsisizm, yalnızlık arasındaki ilişki
Considering the several negative effects of loneliness as an undesirable and hurtful emotion, it is important to discover how it occurs. Although Machiavellianism and narcissism are associated with loneliness, the number of studies that have investigated their relationship is relatively limited. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the relationship between Machiavelism, narcissism, and loneliness among white-collar workers. In addition, it is also aimed to examine whether the level of Machiavellianism, narcissism, and loneliness are related to sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, as indicated by several previous studies. The study was carried out with 200 white-collar employees selected by snowball sampling. Data was collected using an online questionnaire that included a sociodemographic information form, Narcissistic Personality Inventory, Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale, Machiavellianism Scale, and UCLA Loneliness Scale. The results failed to indicate a relationship between sociodemographic variables and Machiavellianism and narcissism scale scores. In addition, several significant correlations were obtained between Machiavellianism, narcissism, and loneliness scale variables. Finally, a stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed Distrust subscale of Machiavellinaism Scale and Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale scores as well as male gender as significant predictors of loneliness. The findings presented by this study are considered to make a significant contribution to the limited and controversial literature.
Sahte otobiyografik anı yerleştirme ve sahte otobiyografik anı yerleştirme üzerinde duygu durumunun etkisi
Although human memory appears to be highly reliable, memory distortions are inevitable, influenced by external factors or the passage of time. These distortions have significant psychological and social consequences in many cases. Researchers have extensively studied these memory distortions, commonly known as false memory. The phenomenon has been primarily investigated through implantation studies. The present study has two main objectives. Firstly, it aims to replicate a new method for implanting false autobiographical memories (Otgaar et al., 2022). Secondly, it seeks to explore the impact of mood on the rates of false autobiographical belief and memory implantation, specifically examining whether the rates differ between positive and negative moods. For the replication phase, the participants were divided into Single and Repeated groups (N = 104, Mage = 31). Participants were presented with a set of 20 autobiographical events, including a critical false event (swimsuit falling off), and were asked to recall whether they had experienced these events. After one week, participants who had not encountered the false event were given a second survey that suggested they had indeed experienced it, with one group being suggested once and the other repeatedly. They were then asked to provide belief and recollection ratings, along with event-related details. The replication of the study was partially successful, with the successful implantation of false beliefs and false memories ranging between 4% and 12%. Interestingly, the occurrence of false beliefs and false memories was equally probable in both the Single and Repeated groups. For the mood induction phase, participants were divided into four groups: Single-Positive, Single-Negative, Repeated-Positive, and Repeated-Negative (N = 206, Mage = 31). The same procedure was followed, but at the onset of the second survey, participants' mood was manipulated using positive or negative video clips. The mood induction part of the study was also partially successful. The occurrence of false memories was equally probable in both the Positive and Negative mood groups. However, regardless of the event frequency groups, the false belief creation was significantly higher in the Negative mood groups than in the Positive mood groups, aligning with previous literature. Similarly, psychopathologies characterized by persistent negative mood states such as depression and PTSD, along with their subclinical symptoms, might also exhibit susceptibility to suggestion in both therapeutic contexts and everyday situations. The study's results, clinical implications, limitations, and future recommendations were thoroughly discussed.
Araştırma görevlilerinde algılanan stres ve tükenmişlik: Mizahın rolü
Stress and burnout of research assistants at universities are significant concerns, as their performance and well-being can be affected. While previous research has explored stress and burnout in various professions, this study specifically focuses on research assistants, a group that has received limited attention in the literature. The present thesis aimed to investigate the stress and burnout experienced by research assistants and explore the role of coping humor and humor styles. Research assistants (N=406) responded to the Perceived Stress Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Coping Humor Scale, and the Humor Styles Questionnaire via an online survey platform. As a result, a positive correlation between the perceived stress and burnout of the research assistants was confirmed. Furthermore, a negative relationship was observed between research assistants' sense of humor and burnout. However, coping humor was not a significant moderator in the relationship between perceived stress and burnout. Rather, perceived stress partially mediated the negative relationship between coping humor and burnout. The path analysis of Structural Equation Modeling revealed that burnout could be predicted by their sense of humor but not directly. The effect of coping humor on burnout was mediated by two adaptive humor styles and perceived stress. Affiliative humor directly impacted burnout in a negative way while self-enhancing humor negatively affects burnout levels via perceived stress. The finding suggests that research assistants who tend to use positive humor in coping with difficulties would perceive less stress and consequently less burnout. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Reddedilme duyarlılığı ile somatizasyon arasındaki ilişki: Reddedilme duyarlılığının aracı rolü
The aim of the current study was to examine the predictive role of somatization and investigate the role of interpersonal difficulties in the relationship between rejection sensitivity and somatization on a group of university students. Participants (298) over the age of 18 were included in the study. Participants completed instruments including Social Demographic form, Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire, Interpersonal Problems Inventory- Circumplex, Bradford Somatic Inventory (BSI). Results indicated that interpersonal difficulties were positively correlated with rejection sensitivity and somatization. Moreover, interpersonal difficulties had a mediating role in the relationship between rejection sensitivity and somatization. The findings of the current study were discussed according to previous literature. Limitations of the present study and clinical implications of the findings and directions for future studies were stated.
Beliren yetişkinlik döneminde zihinselleştirme süreçlerinde ebeveyn bağları ve sosyal desteğin rolü
Mentalization is a competence of understanding ourselves and others that develops first in the family and later social environment. In the literature, it is stated that the relationship with parents and its association with attachment styles wield substantial influence in the development of mentalization. The importance of mentalization capacity in people's social lives, both in receiving and giving social support, has been emphasized. Furthermore, it has been noted that mentalization becomes more prominent with emerging adulthood which includes the process of individuation, and that parental bonding can be better understood during this period. However, there is no research in the literature on the impact of perceived parenting bonding and overprotective parenting bonding on individuals' mentalization. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between perceived parenting bonding and social support on mentalization during emerging adulthood. The findings showed that perceived parental care and social support predicted mentalization during emerging adulthood. Also, participants who perceived their parents as overprotective displayed less mentalization capacity. The significance of this study extends to both the clinical field and literature. Further research could involve a dialectical study that includes both mothers and fathers, allowing for an examination of the differences between their perceptions and the bonding of parents to their children. Keywords: Mentalization, Perceived parental bonding, Social support, Emerging adulthood
Sosyal medya kullanımı ile beden memnuniyeti arasındaki ilişkide bilişsel duygu düzenleme stratejilerinin aracı rolü
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the connections between appreciation for one's body and cognitive emotion regulation methods and social networking addiction. The study's specific goal is to investigate the mediating function of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (M-CERS) in the connection between appreciation for one's body and social networking addiction, taking into account potential variations in body appreciation levels among genders and age groups. The sample consisted of 423 adults from different age groups. The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (Andreassen et al., 2016), The Body Appreciation Scale (Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015), and The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) (Garnefski & Kraaij, 2007) were used to measure the participants' levels of social media addiction, body appreciation, and cognitive emotion regulation processes. The results of the correlation analyses showed that there was a negative connection between body appreciation and dysfunctional cognitive emotion regulation methods, positive connections between social networking addiction and dysfunctional strategies, and a negative connection between social networking addiction and functional strategies. Although social networking addiction does not directly cause a decrease in appreciation for one's body, mediation analyses have shown that it does so indirectly through the use of dysfunctional cognitive emotion regulation processes. Though there were notable variations in levels of body appreciation throughout age groups, levels of appreciation for one's body did not vary significantly between genders. When age was included, the mediation pathway through dysfunctional cognitive emotion regulation strategies persisted, and the overall model remained statistically significant. Age directly affected body appreciation in a minor way. Future research directions and clinical implications were discussed. Keywords: social media addiction, cognitive emotion regulation strategies, body appreciation, age groups
Utancın ve kendini affetmenin Türkiye'deki eşcinsel erkeklerin ruh sağlığına etkileri: Azınlık stresi perspektifi
The present master's thesis aimed to investigate the relations between minority stress processes (i.e., distal stressors and proximal stressors) and mental health outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, and non-suicidal self-injury [NSSI]) as well as the mediating roles of shame and forgiveness of self in these associations among gay men in Turkey. Data were collected from 200 gay men aged between 18 and 48. The results of the study indicated that while both distal and proximal minority stress processes predicted depression and anxiety among gay men in Turkey, only distal stressors were found as a significant predictor of NSSI. The findings of the mediation analyses revealed that shame and forgiveness of self sequentially mediated the associations of proximal stressors with depression and anxiety. The mediator roles of shame and forgiveness of self in the relation between proximal stressors and NSSI were insignificant. Similarly, findings regarding the mediation analyses did not support the mediator roles of shame and forgiveness of self in the relations between distal stress processes and mental health outcomes. The results of the current study were discussed in the light of the existing literature. Strengths, limitations, and clinical implications of the current study were presented.
Tanınmayan bir kardeşin hayaleti için tutulan yas: Travmanın kuşaklararası aktarımının yorumlayıcı fenomenolojik analiz ile incelenmesi
Transgenerational trauma is a psychological term asserting that trauma can be transferred across generations. Traumatic loss and grief have important roles in the mechanism of transgenerational trauma. The grief after a child loss may not be resolved in a reasonable time and may continue to affect parents after the birth of other children. The current study aimed to examine the transgenerational transmission of grief in adult children, whose parents lost their first child. This study also focused on the personal experiences of them. Due to the subjectivity of grief, generalized formulations may not be useful in understanding the transgenerational grief. Therefore, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), a qualitative research approach, was utilized in this study. The participants were three males and three females aged between 22 to 34. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth, and one-on-one interviews, and analyzed through IPA. According to the results of the analysis, six themes were constructed: (1) remembering the dark side of a rosy childhood, (2) perceived parenting quality attributed to the loss: compensatory parenting, (3) the ghost in the home, (4) alive child's emotions related to the loss: anger and guilt in the shadow, (5) responsibilities as the heritage from the past of the family, and (6) the unmet needs of the alive child and the unfulfilled duties of the lost brother. Considering all themes together, this study showed that adult children experienced their parents' unresolved grief through the transmission of silence, burden, and lack in the family.
Social medya bağımlılığı: Psikanalitik yaklaşım
The aim of this study is to explore the experiences of individuals who define themselves as social media addicts. In particular, it is aimed to understand how the excessive use of social media affects the lives of the participants and the meaning they attribute to it. For this purpose, a qualitative research method was used. Semi- structured interviews were conducted with six participants. In the light of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), the data was analyzed to find the emerging themes. In this thesis, five superordinate themes were found. These themes were: (1) social media as a medium of escapism, (2) social media as symbol of power, (3) valuation and devaluation regarding social media and its contents, (4) feeling of losing self-control, and (5) positioning with respect to the authority figures. The emerging themes were discussed with the framework of Lacanian psychoanalytic theory. Keywords: Social Media Addiction, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, Lacanian Psychoanalysis
Yaygın kaygı belirtileri açısından şema terapi modeline göre bir inceleme
Mevcut çalışmanın amacı, algılanan ebeveynlik biçimlerinin, erken dönem uyum bozucu şemaların ve uyum bozucu baş etme şekillerinin yaygın kaygı bozukluğu belirtilerini ne ölçüde yordadığını incelemek; algılanan ebeveynlik biçimleri ile yaygın kaygı belirtileri arasındaki ilişkide erken dönem uyum bozucu şema alanlarının aracı rolünü araştırmak; erken dönem uyum bozucu şema alanları ile yaygın kaygı belirtileri arasındaki ilişkide uyum bozucu baş etme şekillerinin aracı rolünü değerlendirmeyi içermektedir. Çeşitli yaş ve meslek grubundan 539 gönüllü katılımcı araştırma örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama araçları, Young Ebeveynlik Ölçeği (YRBÖ), Young Şema Ölçeği-Kısa Form (YŞÖ-KF3), Young-Rygh Kaçınma Ölçeği (YR-KÖ), Young Telafi Ölçeği (YTÖ), Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu-7 (YAB-7) Testi ve kontrol amaçlı Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE) uygulanmıştır. Regresyon analizleri sonucunda yaygın kaygı belirtileri ile anneye dair kötümser/endişeli; babaya dair koşullu/başarı odaklı ebeveynlik biçimi; şema alanlarından zedelenmiş otonomi, yüksek standartlar ve zedelenmiş sınırlar; uyum bozucu baş etme şekillerinden psikosomatizm ve kontrol ilişkili olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca algılanan ebeveynlik biçimlerinin yaygın kaygı belirtilerini yordamasında zedelenmiş otonomi ve yüksek standartlar; erken dönem uyum bozucu şema alanlarının yaygın kaygı belirtilerini yordamasında psikosomatizm ve kontrol baş etme şekillerinin aracı rol oynadığı bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular alanyazın ışığında değerlendirilmiş ve tartışılmıştır.
Patolojik Satın Alma Taraması Türkçe uyarlaması ve patolojik satın almanın sosyodemografik özelliklere göre incelenmesi
Patolojik satın alma, bireylere psikolojik, sosyal ve maddi problemlere neden olan ve bireylerin davranışı kontrol etmekte güçlük yaşadıkları bir satın alma davranıştır. Bu çalışmada Müller, Trotzke, Mitchell, Zwaan ve Brand (2015) tarafından geliştirilen Patolojik Satın Alma Taramasının Türk kültüründeki geçerlik ve güvenilirlik özelliklerinin incelenmesi ve patolojik satın almanın sosyodemografik özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmaya yaşları 18 ile 64 arasında değişen ((M=33.17, SS=9.62) 457 yetişkin katılımcı (286 kadın, 170 erkek ve 1 ikili olmayan) katılmıştır. Çalışmanın ilk kısmında Patolojik Satın Alma Taraması Türkçeye uyarlanmış ve psikometrik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenilirlik özelliklerini sınamak için Cronbach's Alpha iç tutarlılık kat sayısı ve test tekrar test yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Geçerlik analizleri içinse yapı geçerliği, uyum geçerliği ve ölçüt bağıntılı yordama geçerliği test edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre Patolojik Satın Alma Taramasının Türk kültüründe geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğu bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın ikinci kısmında patolojik satın almanın sosyodemografik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Patolojik satın alma davranışının cinsiyete göre farklılaşmadığı bulunmuştur. Çalışma örnekleminde patolojik satın alma davranışının yaygınlığı %5.4 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları alanyazın çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiş ve tartışılmıştır.
Ergenlerde çocuklukta onaylamayan çevre ile bozulmuş yeme tutumu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: Duygu düzenleme stratejilerinin aracı rolü
Bu çalışmada ergenlerde çocuklukta onaylamayan çevre, bozulmuş yeme tutumu ve duygu düzenleme stratejileri arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Çocuklukta onaylamayan çevre ile bozulmuş yeme tutumu arasındaki ilişkide duygu düzenleme stratejilerinin aracı rolü değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemini 14-18 yaş aralığında bulunan klinik olmayan 317 gönüllü katılımcı oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama araçları olarak Yeme Bozukluğu Değerlendirme Ölçeği (YBDÖ), Çocuklukta Onaylamayan Çevre Ölçeği (ÇOÇÖ) ve Ergenler İçin Duygu Düzenleme Ölçeği (EİDDÖ) kullanılmıştır. Duygu düzenleme stratejilerinin aracı rolünün değerlendirilmesi amacıyla Basit Aracı Değişken Analizi yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre, bozulmuş yeme tutumlarının çocuklukta onaylamayan çevre ve duygu düzenleme stratejileri ile pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkide olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuçlar, çocuklukta onaylamayan çevrenin bozulmuş yeme tutumu arasındaki ilişkide işlevsel olmayan duygu düzenleme stratejilerinin aracı rolü olduğunu göstermiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulguların detayları ilgili alanyazın kapsamında tartışılmıştır.
Suriyeli mültecilerde travma sonrası stres belirtilerive travma sonrası büyüme ile ilişkili değişkenler
Suriye Savaşı, Suriyeli vatandaşların başka ülkelere toplu şekilde iltica etmelerine ve onların kendi ülkelerinde, iltica sırasında ve iltica sonrası yeni ülkelerine yerleşme sürecinde birçok olası travmatik yaşantı ve stres veren duruma maruz kalmalarına sebep olmuştur. Suriyeli mültecilerin bu örseleyici yaşantılar sonrasında olumlu psikolojik etkilenme ihtimallerini inceleyen araştırma sınırlıdır. Mevcut çalışmada, Türkiye'de yaşayan Suriyeli mültecilerde travma sonrası büyümeyi etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi ve bu faktörleri içeren bir model oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Önerilen modeldeki faktörler şunlardır; geçmiş çoklu travmatik yaşantılar, iltica sonrası yaşanılan zorluklar, travma sonrası stres belirtileri ve başa çıkma tutumları. Bu faktörler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (YEM) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri, Hatay ve Mardin'de kamp dışında yaşayan Suriyeli mültecilerden toplanmıştır. 18-77 yaş aralığında (𝑋𝑜𝑟𝑡= 35.60, SS = 11.65), 275 kadın (%52.1), 249 erkek (%47.2), 528 Suriyeli mültecinin katılımcı olduğu araştırma, kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Çalışmanın değişkenleri olan geçmiş çoklu travmatik yaşantılar, iltica sonrası yaşanılan zorluklar, travma sonrası stres belirtileri ve başa çıkma tutumları ölçmek amacıyla 5 adet özbildirime dayalı ölçek kullanılmıştır (LEC-5, PMLD, PCL-5, COPE, PTGI). YEM sonuçları, modelin eldeki veriye iyi uyduğunu (RMSEA = .08, CFI = .91, SRMR = .08) ve TSB'deki varyansın % 33'ünün bağımsız değişkenler tarafından açıklandığını göstermiştir. Çoklu geçmiş travmatik olayın şiddeti ve iltica sonrası zorluklar TSB ile doğrudan ilişkili olmayıp, travma sonrası stres belirtileri ile ilişkilidir. Başa çıkma stratejileri doğrudan TSB ile ilişkilidir ve travmatik yaşantıların türünün ve şiddetinin TSB ile olan ilişkisinde baş etme stratejileri aracılık etmektedir. İstatistiksel model, mültecilerin geçmişte meydana gelen çoklu travmatik yaşantıların özellikleri ile TSB arasındaki ilişkinin başa çıkma stratejilerinin varlığıyla açıklandığı göstermektedir. Bu anlamda, mültecilere yönelik psikoterapilerde ve psikososyal müdahalelerde başa çıkma stratejilerinin ele alınması pozitif psikolojik büyümeyi destekleyeceği düşünülmektedir. Model, iltica sonrası zorlukların TSB veya başa çıkma stratejilerini doğrudan etkilemediğini göstermektedir. İlişkili alanyazında bu etkinin incelendiği sınırlı sayıda araştırma olduğu için gelecekteki çalışmaların iltica sonrası zorlukların TSB üzerindeki etkisine ayrıntılı olarak değinilmesi önerilmektedir.
Algılanan ebeveyn kabul ve reddi ile somatik belirtiler arasındaki ilişkinin psikolojik uyum ve aleksitimi temelinde incelenmesi
Mevcut çalışmada ebeveyn kabulü ve reddi, psikolojik uyum, aleksitimi ve somatizasyon arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda ebeveynlik reddinin biçimi ile somatizasyon arasındaki ilişkide belirli kişilik özellikleri ile aleksitiminin aracı rolü değerlendirilmiştir. İstatistiksel analizler klinik olmayan örneklemde 18- 64 yaş arası, farklı meslek mensubu, 335 gönüllü katılımcıdan elde edilen veriler üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan veri toplama araçları; Ebeveyn Kabul – Red Ölçeği Yetişkin Kısa Form (EKRÖ/K), Kişilik Değerlendirme Ölçeği (KİDÖ), Toronto Aleksitimi Ölçeği (TAÖ-20) ve Semptom Tarama Envanteri (SCL-90-R)'dir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; erkeklerin aleksitimiye, kadınların ise somatik belirtiler göstermeye daha yatkın oldukları görülmüştür. Ayrıca her iki ebeveynden algılanan düşmanlık ve saldırganlık ile somatizasyon arasındaki ilişkide aleksitiminin, düşmanlık/saldırganlığın ve duygusal tepkisizliğin aracı rol oynadığı görülmüştür. Bu değişkenlerin ilişkisinin sırası ve yönüne dair yapılan seri aracılık analizinde ise anne ve babadan algılanan düşmanlık/saldırganlık ile somatizasyon arasındaki ilişkide duygusal tepkisizlik ve aleksitiminin sıralı aracı etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Yine anne ve babadan algılanan düşmanlık/saldırganlık ile somatizasyon arasındaki ilişkide duygusal tepkisizlik ve düşmanlık/saldırganlığın sıralı aracı etkisi olduğu bulunmuştur. Anneden algılanan düşmanlık ve saldırganlık ile somatizasyon arasındaki ilişkide düşmanlığın aracı etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Çocukluk çağı travmaları ve flört şiddeti arasındaki ilişkide duygu düzenleme güçlüğü ve çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçiliğin aracı rolü
Araştırmada flört şiddeti ile çocukluk çağı travmaları, çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik ve duygu düzenleme güçlüğü arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 18-30 yaş arasında 1222 katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aşamasında Çatışmaların Çözümüne Yaklaşım Ölçeği (ÇÇYÖ), Çocukluk Çağı Ruhsal Travma Ölçeği (ÇRTÖ), Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğü Ölçeği- Kısa Form (DDGÖ-16) ve Çelişik Duygulu Cinsiyetçilik (ÇDCÖ) kullanılmıştır. Hem flört şiddetine maruz bırakma hem de flört şiddetine maruz bırakılma ile çocukluk çağı travmaları, duygu düzenleme güçlüğü ve çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik arasında anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Çocukluk çağı travmaları, çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilik ve duygu düzenleme güçlüğünün flört şiddetini yordama gücünü anlamak amacıyla Çoklu Hiyerarşik Regresyon Analizi yürütülmüştür. Flört şiddetine maruz bırakmayı yordayan değişkenler cinsel istismar ve fiziksel ihmal, düşmanca cinsiyetçilik, dürtü ve açıklık olarak sıralanmaktadır. Flört şiddetine maruz bırakılmayı yordayan değişkenler ise çocukluk duygusal istismar, düşmanca cinsiyetçilik, açıklık ve stratejiler olarak sıralanmaktadır. Daha sonra duygu düzenleme güçlüğü ve çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçiliğin aracı rolünü değerlendirmek amacıyla Paralel Çoklu Aracı Değişken Analizi yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre çocukluk çağı travmalarının flört şiddetini yordamasında duygu düzenleme güçlüğü ve çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçiliğin aracı rol oynadığı bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın bulguları alanyazın çerçevesinde tartışılmış ve değerlendirme yapılmıştır.
Erken dönem uyum bozucu şemalar ve işlevsel olmayan şema baş etme modlarının romantik ilişkilerde baskınlık ve boyun eğicilik ile ilişkisi
Araştırmada erken dönem uyum bozucu şemalar ve baş etme modlarının romantik ilişkilerde baskınlık ve boyun eğicilik ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 18-61 yaş arasında 731 (408 kadın ve 317 erkek) katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın verileri Demografik Bilgi Formu, Kişilerarası Problemler Envanteri-Döngüsel Ölçekleri-Kısa Formu (KPE-32), Young Şema Ölçeği Kısa Form-3 (YŞÖ-KF-3) ve Şema Mod Envanteri (ŞME) aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek için korelasyon analizi yapılmış ve tüm değişkenler arasında anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Erken dönem uyum bozucu şema alanları ve işlevsel olmayan baş etme modlarının baskınlık ve boyun eğiciliği yordama gücünü araştırmak için çoklu hiyerarşik regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Ayrıca tüm bu değişkenlerin, Kişilerarası Problemler Envanteri- Gözlemci Versiyonu aracılığı ile ölçülen Partner-Baskınlık ve Partner-Boyun Eğiciliğini yordayıcılığını belirlemek amacı ile çoklu hiyerarşik regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre Yüksek Standartlar, Zedelenmiş Sınırlar, Kopukluk şema alanları ve Aşırı Telafi modu Baskınlığı; Zedelenmiş Otonomi, Kopukluk şema alanları ve Söz Dinleyen Teslimci mod Boyun Eğiciliği; Kopukluk, Diğeri Yönelimlilik, Zedelenmiş Sınırlar şema alanları, Aşırı Telafi ve Söz Dinleyen Teslimci modları ve Baskınlık Partner-Baskınlığını; Kopukluk, Yüksek Standartlar şema alanları, Söz Dinleyen Teslimci mod ve Boyun Eğicilik Partner-Boyun Eğiciliğini yordamıştır. Elde edilen bulgular alanyazın kapsamında tartışılmış ve klinik doğurguları değerlendirilmiştir.
Romantik ilişkilerde çatışma çözüm stillerinin psikolojik belirtiler ile ilişkisi: Cinsiyet, ilişki durumu ve kişilik özelliklerinin rolü
Bu araştırmanın amacı, romantik bir ilişkiye sahip olan bireylerin ilişki içerisinde kullandıkları çatışma çözüm stratejilerinin bireylerin cinsiyeti, ilişki durumu ve kişilik özelliklerine göre farklılıklarını araştırmak ve bu değişkenlerin bireyin psikolojik belirti düzeyindeki yordayıcı etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini yaşları 18-53 arasında değişmekte olan ve romantik bir ilişkisi bulunan 698 (392 kadın 306 erkek) gönüllü katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama araçları olarak Çatışma Çözüm Stilleri Ölçeği, Beck Depresyon Envanteri, Beck Anksiyete Envanteri, Beck Umutsuzluk Envanteri ve Beş Faktör Kişilik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada psikolojik belirti değişkeni Beck Depresyon, Beck Anksiyete ve Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeklerinden elde edilen toplam puanlar ile oluşturulmuştur. Verilerin analizinde grup farklılıklarını incelerken çatışma çözüm stilleri için Tek Yönlü Çok Değişkenli Varyans Analizi (MANOVA), psikolojik belirti düzeyi için ise Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) ve İlişkisiz (Bağımsız) Örneklemler T-testi uygulanmıştır. Kişilik özellikleri, çatışma çözüm stilleri ve psikolojik belirti düzeyi arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek için Pearson Korelasyon Analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Son olarak ise demografik değişkenler, kişilik özellikleri ve çatışma çözüm stillerinin psikolojik belirti düzeyi üzerindeki yordayıcılığını belirlemek için Hiyerarşik Çoklu Regresyon Analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma bulguları, cinsiyet, ilişki durumu ve kişilik özelliklerine göre çatışma çözüm stillerinin ve psikolojik belirti düzeylerinin anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaştığını göstermektedir. Bu farklılaşmanın bireylerin psikolojik belirti düzeylerini yordama etkisi incelendiğinde ise, yüksek çatışma sıklığı, ilişkide resmiyetin olmayışı, yüksek nevrotiklik ve düşük dışadönüklük kişilik düzeyine sahip olunması ve boyun eğme çatışma çözüm stilinin uygulama düzeyinde artış olması psikolojik belirti düzeyinin yükselmesine neden olduğu bulunmuştur.
Yaşamı sürdürme nedenleri ve temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların karşılanmışlık düzeyinin intihar olasılığı üzerindeki yordayıcılığı
Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı yaşamı sürdürme nedenlerinin azlık-çokluğu, temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların karşılanmışlık düzeyi ve algılanan stres düzeyinin intihar olasılığı ile ilişkisini araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Araştırmada İntihar Olasılığı Ölçeği (İOÖ), Yaşamı Sürdürme Nedenleri Envanteri (YSNE-28), Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar Ölçeği (TPİÖ) ve Algılanan Stres Ölçeği (ASÖ) uygulanmış, 334 kişi tarafından sağlanan verilerle değişkenler arası ilişkiler ve yordayıcılık incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Araştırma sonucunda yaşamı sürdürme nedenleri, temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların karşılanmışlık düzeyi ve algılanan stres düzeyinin intihar olasılığı ile ilişkileri ve yordayıcılıkları saptanmıştır. Bu faktörlerin birbirleri arasında da ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Çalışma temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar ve algılanan stresin intihar olasılığı ile yakından ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Tartışma: Araştırma sonuçları literatüre önemli katkılar sağlayabilir. Gelecekteki çalışmalarda temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar ve algılanan stresin intihar riski ve yaşamı sürdürmeyle ilişkili faktörler ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi faydalı olabilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: İntihar, İntihar Olasılığı, Yaşamı Sürdürme Nedenleri, Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar, İhtiyaç Doyumu, Algılanan Stres
İlköğretim öğrencilerinde zorbalık eğilimini azaltmaya yönelik bilişsel davranışçı bir müdahale programının geliştirilmesi ve etkililiğinin değerlendirilmesi
Bu çalışmanın amacı, ilköğretim öğrencilerinde zorbalık eğilimini azaltmaya yönelik bilişsel davranışçı bir müdahale programının geliştirilmesi ve etkililiğinin değerlendirilmesidir. Bu amaçla 4 ortaokuldan 5. ve 6 sınıf öğrencileri arasından Zorba-Kurban Ölçeği Zorbalık Uygulayan Testi puanlarına göre belirlenmiş 54 öğrenci Bilişsel Davranışçı müdahale grubuna (20 öğrenci), plasebo kontrol grubuna (16 öğrenci), hiçbir müdahale almayan kontrol grubuna (18 öğrenci) atanmıştır. Grup çalışmaları 13 hafta yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılara müdahale öncesi, sonrası ve 4 aylık izlemde Zorba-Kurban Belirleme Ölçeği, Coopersmith Öz Saygı Envanteri, Çocuklar ve Ergenler için Empati Ölçeği ve Çocuklar için Zorbalıkla ilgili Bililer Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler tekrarlayıcı ölçümler için varyans analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarında grup x zaman etkileşimi açısından ölçek puanlarında anlamlı bir farklılaşma olmadığı görülse de zorbalık puanı üzerinde zamanın ana etkisinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu bulunmuş ve ortaya çıkan anlamlı farklılaşmanın Bilişsel Davranışçı müdahale grubu ve plasebo kontrol grubu ön test ve son test zorbalık ölçümleri arasında ki farklılaşmadan kaynaklandığı, her iki grupta da son testte zorbalık puanının düştüğü saptanmıştır. Benzer şekilde zorbalıkla ilişkili bilişler puanı üzerinde zamanın ana etkisinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Ana etki açısından ortaya çıkan anlamlı farklılaşmanın Bilişsel Davranışçı müdahale grubunun ön test ve son test zorbalık ölçümleri arasında ki farklılaşmadan kaynaklandığı, son testte zorbalıkla ilgili bilişler puanının düştüğü bulunmuştur.