Theses supervised by Doç. Dr. Berna Yazıcı
11 theses · Anadolu University, Boğaziçi University
Ridge ve Liu tahmincilerinin etkinliklerinin ve yanlılıklarının karşılaştırılması
Çoklu regresyon analizinde karşılaşılan sorunlardan birisi de çoklu bağıntı durumudur. Bağımsız değişkenlerden bir veya birkaçının diğer bağımsız değişkenler tarafından iyi açıklandığı zaman, sonuçlarda istenmeyen özellikler oluşturan çoklu bağıntı sorunu meydana gelmektedir. Çoklu bağıntıyı gidermek veya azaltmak için yanlı tahmin yöntemleri kullanılır. Bu çalışmada, yanlı tahmin yöntemleri olarak bilinen Ridge ve Liu tahmincilerinin karşılaştırılmasına yer verilmiştir. İlk olarak bu iki tahminci tanımlanmış ve bununla ilgili 1985?2006 yılları arasında Türkiye'deki turizm geliri fonksiyonunu açıklayan değişkenler olarak; yatak kapasitesi, turist sayısı, seyahat acentelerin sayısı, yabancı sermaye miktarı, Euro cinsi döviz kuru, ABD doları cinsi döviz kuru üzerine bir uygulama yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu iki yöntem etkinlikleri ve yanlılıkları bakımından karşılaştırılmış ve sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Çoklu Bağıntı, Ridge Tahmincisi, Liu Tahmincisi, Yanlı Tahmin Yöntemleri, Turizm Geliri
ARCH modelleriyle bazı ülkelerin döviz kurlarının volatilitesinin incelenmesi
Finansal serilerde, taşıdıkları özellikler nedeniyle doğrusal zaman serisi yerine, doğrusal olmayan koşullu değişen varyans modellerinin kullanılması giderek daha yaygın hale gelmiştir. Öngörü hataları varyansının sabit olmadığı, değişen varyansa sahip olduğu zaman serisinin çözümlenmesinde serilerin bu özelliğini de dikkate alacak modellere gereksinim duyulmuştur. Robert F. Engle (1982), geçerliliği olamayan yukarıda belirtilen varsayımı genelleştirmiş ve Otoregresif Koşullu Değişen Varyans (ARCH) süreçleri olarak adlandırılan stokastik süreçlerin yeni bir sınıfını önermiştir. Bu çalışmada, bazı ARCH (GARCH, GARCH-M ve EGARCH, TGARCH) modellerinin istatistiksel özellikleri ve tahmin yöntemleri incelenmiş, bu modeller farklı gelişmişlik düzeylerindeki rasgele seçilen on ülkenin döviz kuru serilerine uygulanmıştır. Model sonuçları karşılaştırılarak serilere en uygun koşullu varyans modeli belirlenmiştir.
Darağacının ardında: Türkiye'de idam cezası, hukuk ve yasama performansı (1926-1990)
This dissertation examines how the death penalty's legal framework and the practice of deciding on executions operated within Turkey's parliamentary era. The legislature, vested with broad power ranging from enacting capital laws to granting amnesty, played a central role in the operation of the death penalty while these laws were in effect. Analysis of parliamentary processes reveals that the death penalty functions as a distraction beyond the criminal and legal boundaries. Actors partly responsible for shaping, tolerating, or ignoring the normative order enabling crime, or for the legal inertia that fails to prevent it, deflect attention by emphasizing brutal death penalty de-bates, thus concealing or shifting their responsibility. Three notable parliamentary practices emerged. First, interpretations of death penalty legislation created a myth of monsters deserving death, which over-individualizes crime and deflects responsibility onto others. Second, the legislature acted in si-lence, presenting itself not as a decisive authority but as a mere cog in a ma-chine. Indeed, 80.6% of individual death sentences were processed without parliamentary debate, and for thirty-five years, none were placed on the agenda. Political elites, neither accepting nor rejecting executions, strategically preserve the death penalty laws by leveraging its capacity to absorb every debate into its moral sphere. Third, the death penalty's legal existence hid individual responsibility by portraying victim as abstract entity – the state or nation. It obscured how and why those positioned at the fringes or in opposition to the socio-political order were placed there in the first place, by designating them as the other.
Yanıt yüzeyi modellerine MARS yaklaşımı
Bu tez çalışmasında, yanıt yüzeyi metodolojisinde ikinci dereceden tasarımlarda modelleme aşamasında MARS (Çok Değişkenli Uyarlamalı Regresyon Splaynları) yaklaşımı önerilmiştir. Bu yaklaşımın, hangi faktöriyel tasarımlara ve hangi veri yapılarına uygulanabileceği üzerinde durulmuş, modelleme aşamasının nasıl yapılacağı açıklanmıştır. Çalışmanın uygulama kısmında $3^2$ deneysel düzenden gelen toprak ve toz örneklerinden yararlanarak Eskişehir merkezli yapılan saha çalışmasında ağır metal kirlilikleri regresyon ağaçlarıyla sınıflandırılmış, yanıt yüzeyi modelleri ve MARS ile modellenmeye çalışılmıştır. Sonuçlar istatistiksel testlerle ve kriterlerle değerlendirilmiştir. R Yazılımı kullanılarak tek ve iki değişkenli durum için regresyon ağacına dayalı iki ayrı program yazılmıştır. MARS yöntemi kullanılarak ağır metal kirlilik verisini modellemek için R Yazılımı ile tek ve iki değişkenli durum için iki ayrı program yazılmıştır.
The making of a makbul father: A socio-political exploration of heteronormative fatherhood in Turkey
This dissertation critically analyzes the notion of heteronormative father-hood within the context of nationalism. Drawing upon thirty-six formal, semi-structured, and tape-recorded interviews with lower-middle class men who identify themselves as Turkish-Sunni-Muslim and have children be-tween the ages of eighteen to forty, in six cities in the Marmara, Central Anatolia and the Black Sea Regions, it examines the relationship between makbul citizenship and the construction and experiences of heteronormative fatherhood. For the interviewees, the social meaning of fatherhood goes beyond having children. It is the ability to shoulder financial responsibilities and differentiate makbul from non-makbul on behalf of their dependents, namely, their spouses, siblings, and children. Men ground their fatherly authority over their dependents on some of their qualities, such as being nationalistic and religious, that enable them to be included in formal and informal networks of solidarity. However, the difficulties they endured as a child motivated them to prevent their children from being socially and economically vulnerable in life as they were. Thus, they have created an environment for their children to dare to be demanding from their family in many senses. They invented new mild methods to sustain fatherly authority. But they also complain about being unappreciated. In this sense, they are fathers in-between.
Utanç, suçluluk, ihtiyaçlar ve arzuların ortasında: İstanbul'da beyaz yakalı çalışanların finansal borçluluğu
In Turkey, as elsewhere, statistics indicate a significant increase in household indebtedness since the beginning of the 2000s. This thesis focuses on experiences of indebtedness among a specific group, young white-collar workers, and is based on qualitative interviews conducted with twenty-one white-collar workers living and working in Istanbul. The study builds on and contributes to two strands of literature on indebtedness: the studies focusing on subjectivity and indebtedness and the studies examining the meanings associated with indebtedness. This thesis firstly argues that indebtedness is perceived as something that is needed to be justified and morally evaluated. It explores how debtors justify their indebtedness to deal with the shame, guilt and negative stigma concerning their indebtedness. It shows that the indebted narrate their experience of indebtedness over some binaries -reasonable debt vs. unreasonable debt and responsible debtor vs. irresponsible debtor- and justify their indebtedness by identifying themselves as responsible debtors who engage with reasonable debts. Secondly, the study argues that indebtedness is experienced around multiple and ambivalent feelings and meanings that go beyond shame and guilt which is much underlined in the literature. Several themes emerge around these multiple meanings attached to debt including, debt as a normal experience of life, debt as a burden, debt as a means of relief and happiness.
Gedikpaşa: Ayakkabı piyasasının şekillendirdiği bir mahalle
This thesis focuses on a space of economic production, trade and labor. It examines Gedikpaşa, a neighborhood in the city of Istanbul's historical peninsula and its informal footwear market, which consists of small-scale and labor intensive shoe manufacturers, wholesalers of shoes and leather and material suppliers. The study builds on a field research and twenty-four in-depth interviews conducted with a range of economic actors in Gedikpaşa's informal market. The study draws on the literature on informal markets by highlighting the significance of social networks and trust relationships in the constitution of the market. It also seeks to contribute to urban studies on Istanbul by bringing a space of economic activity rather than residential areas to the center of analysis. The thesis argues that Gedikpaşa's footwear market and economic actors have been transformed by the unpredictable, changing socio-economic conditions and macro political dynamics since the market's emergence in the 1960s. This thesis seeks to demonstrate, to survive against these changing conditions and dynamics economic actors have generated defense mechanisms allowed by the flexibility of informality. In doing so, they have ensured the continuation of the Gedikpaşa footwear market until today.
Debating Turkish health reform
This dissertation is a study of the political debate that got generated around health reform in Turkey between 2002 and 2011, which corresponds to the formative period for the debate. Through a close examination of both the pro-reform and anti-reform discourse on health, it shows how a technical issue such as health care became a primary ground of political debate, contestation and polarization in the Turkey of early 2000s. More specifically, the AKP's pro-reform discourse and the pro-government media presented health care providers and health care receivers as opposing groups and positioned the AKP as the protector of health care receivers. This pro-reform discourse emphasized the universalist trend in the reform that abolished the inegalitarian structure of the pre-existing health system and extended coverage. On the other side of the political debate, opponents of the reform, mainly the TTB (Turkish Medical Association), highlighted the neoliberal aspects of the reform. However, the oppositional discourse did not receive wide support as it was formulated when the short term benefits introduced by the reform were still in effect.
Family and gender in millennials' novels in Turkey: 2006-2020
This new historicist analysis aims to analyze the mutual interactions be-tween family and gender-related themes of Turkish millennials' novels and the family and gender politics of the 2000s and 2010s, in which millennials' novels were written. In this context, 26 millennials' novels were analyzed and interpreted through a critical reading. Findings suggested that millennials' novels contradict the traditional, patriarchal, and conservative family norms that have been supported and encouraged by the governments in Turkey in the last two decades. Millennials' novels are card-carrying anti-family novels. However, they do not show a similar pattern in terms of gender. In other words, millennials' novels are in concert with the sexist, misogynist, and anti-woman discourse that dominated the epoch in which millennials' novels were written. The main reason for this situation is that millennials' novels are fictional texts that want to put right or radically change Turkish society and Turkey by creating vigilantes. A family and its responsibilities are obstacles for a vigilante character. On the other hand, vigilantes believe they could find the power they need to achieve their almost impossible goals in patriarchy, masculinity, and toxic masculinity. Therefore, millennials' novels have reproduced the sexist politics that dominated the epoch in which they were written.
Selective exposure to online news: A qualitative study of young internet users in istanbul
Increased autonomy of individuals to select content in online media has raised serious scholar concerns. It is argued that individuals now could aban-don political news for more entertainment exposure; or they could avoid content countering their ideas, and tend to view more of like-minded messages. While a majority of studies testing such hypothesis have been conducted on American society, the literature on Turkey lacks studies that reveal audiences' motivations in media use, particularly their responses to high polarization. This study focuses on urban and young (18-30 aged) Internet users' per-ception of media and news and their media use habits. The research is based on sixteen semi-structured interviews conducted with young Internet users in Istanbul. The sample included both pro-governmental (Justice and Develop-ment Party or Nationalist Movement Party voters) and oppositional partici-pants (Republican People's Party, Good Party or Peoples' Democratic Party supporters) as well as a generational stratification along Z Generation (18-24 aged) and Y Generation members (25-30 aged). The findings are analyzed in the light of both socio-psychological theories on information exposure and more contemporary debates on polarization, post-truth and generational trends in media use. This research demonstrates that instead of living in echo cham-bers where they increasingly interact with only like-minded messages, individuals can also grow an awareness towards polarization and partisanship in media, and mechanisms to cope with disinformation.
Memory, modernity and nostalgia: The narratives of Muslim and Christian Mersinli women
This study aims to explore how a group of Muslim and Christian women of Mersin remember and narrate their life experiences in relation to modernity, the Republican reforms and the intercommunal relations between the Muslims and Christians in Mersin. Through the oral history method, the narratives of these 'ordinary' middle class Mersinli women are scrutinized on: 1) how these women remember and narrate the Republican reforms and modernity; 2) how they perceive their hometown Mersin and construct a nostalgic understanding of modernity in the face of recent demographic changes and 3) how they perceive the intercommunal relations between the Muslims and Christians of Mersin. In-terviewees' strong affiliation with the local identity of being Mersinli is evaluated in the framework of the nostalgia they cultivate for the past. The narratives regarding the intercommunal relations and marriages between the Muslim and Christian communities in Mersin, are examined in order to reveal the experience of living in one of the very few cosmopolitan and multi-religious cities of Turkey. A particular focus on the narratives of the Christian women aims to unravel their experiences about being a member of an ethno-religious minority in Mersin, and overall in Turkey.