Working class films in Turkey between 1960 and 2010 and proletarian public sphere

Mode of production in Europe had began to change in 13th century and especially in 17th century, has been accelerated. Due to this changes, aristocracy had began to lose ground day by day; bourgeois, that has become the dominant actor of economic structure, looked for ways to influence to the political sphere. Firstly, in place of the palaces, the cities have been the centers of literary discussions and art. Then, the bourgeoisie has began to attend to the politics for to have a say in the process of the decision making. During the period, the public sphere and the public opinion have been the most important tool of the bourgeoisie. Bourgeoisie, that claims to work as an "intermediary" between the administration and public with using public opinion, primarily, has accelerated the process of liberalization in the field of law. The power, obtained over the administration by the bourgeoisie, has been the cause of increase of the imbalance of the the rights and freedoms between the social classes. Although there have been some questions about its existence, the proletarian public sphere, that has become the expression of opposite public sphere with revolutions and labor organizations, generally have suppressed only into the economic reforms and a narrow field of the politics. Nevertheless, working-class consciousness and a model for the development of the labor movement has occurred in Europe's industrialized societies. In this study, the process which occurs in Europe, is discussed the projections on Turkey, that has started to industrialize in 1950s; and the existence of the proletarian public sphere, that shapes the field of the development of the labor movement, has discussed. Within the use of this conceptual framework, Turkey's recent history of political, economic and social processes are tried to explain. In addition, the effects of the changes, which are mentioned, are disscussed for Turkish cinema between 1960s and 2010. Based on the periodic distinctions, the presence of the working class films in Turkish cinema is studied with using the concept of proletarian public sphere. Key Words: Public Sphere, Bourgeoisie, Working Class, Proletarian Public Sphere, Labor Movements, Unionization, Turkish Cinema, Working Class Films.