Detection of microbial signatures of individuals with its irritable bowel syndrome between 2000-2021 and relevant used diet types; a review

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder and its prevalence is recently increasing. Although the exact mechanism of formation of IBS is not yet known, studies have shown that the gut microbiome has a role in the formation and severity of IBS, and many different types of nutrition are tested. This study was carried out in order to understand the relationship of IBS, which significantly reduces the quality of life of individuals, with the microbiome, to examine the effect of the diet types applied and to raise awareness about the subject. The studies included in this review have been researched in electronic databases. The studies included in the review the years 2000 to 2021. In particular, it has been observed that the frequency of recent studies on this subject has gradually increased. It has been observed that the most studies on this subject have been carried out in the last 5 years. In this review, 41 research articles selected according to the research criteria were examined, of these; 37 randomized controlled trials, 2 clinical trials, 1 pilot study, and 1 observational study. Significant differences were observed in the gut microbiome of individuals with IBS compared with the control groups. Considering the influence of the intestinal microbiome on health and diseases, designing a personalized diet to improve health and be used in the treatment of diseases has become one of the new treatment approaches. It provides important insights into diet-microbiome-symptom relationships in IBS, but multiple studies are needed that take diet, gut microbiome, supplements, and other confounding factors into account. The findings of this systematic review can be a guide for further studies on this subject.