The comparison of protocols oral vitamin D treatment in newborns with 25-OH vitamin D deficiency

Vitamin D deficiency, which is a serious public health problem, affects infants and children all over the world. Although vitamin D has many functions in the human organism, its main function is to ensure the protection and maintenance of bone health by providing the normal calcium and phosphorus balance in the circulation. Apart from the skeletal system, vitamin D also has a regulatory role in other systems. Our research is a cross-sectional retrospective study. In our study, the efficacy and results of treatment doses of 1000 and 1500 units/day of vitamin D given randomly for three months in newborns with 25 OH vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency were compared. Eighty newborns with a gestational age of 32-40 were included in the study. 25 OH vitamin D, parathormone, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and spot urine calcium/creatinine ratio were measured before and after the treatment. Demographic characteristics and other results of the groups were compared. 35% of the patients had hypocalcemia, 2.5% had hypophosphatemia, and 1.3% had hyperphosphatemia. Symptomatic hypocalcemia findings such as convulsions were not observed in the patients. Alkaline phosphatase elevation was found in 2.5%, parathormone elevation in 18.8%, and low in 1.3% of patients. The mean value of 25 OH vitamin D after treatment was 60.7 ng/ml in the high-dose vitamin D treatment group, and 48.5 ng/ml in the low- dose treatment group. There was no patient with signs of vitamin D intoxication after treatment. Asymptomatic vitamin D hypervitaminosis was observed in three patients in the high-dose group and one patient in the low-dose group after treatment. After treatment hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia were not observed in patients who had hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemia before treatment. Parathormone levels were found to be normal after treatment in patients with elevated parathormone before treatment. Isolated hypercalciuria was observed in two patients in the group receiving high-dose vitamin D treatment and in two patients in the group receiving low-dose vitamin D after treatment. Control vitamin D levels in these patients were within normal ranges.