Investigation of personality and religious traits of 4 great caliphs from the perspective of modern psychology

The subject of personality is one of the most fundamental subjects of psychology. This subject, which can be considered at the beginning of the most basic elements affecting the behavior of the individual, has a debate history even before the birth of psychology as a science. All the thinkers and scientists who discussed the subject tried to classify people on the basis of various personality traits and tried to understand the basic reasons underlying human behavior. Since the meanings of concepts such as temperament, personality, and character are close to each other, similar elements are generally included in the definitions, and these concepts are used interchangeably in the daily life routine. In the first part of the study, the definitions, etymological origins and personality theories of the aforementioned concepts are given in order to understand and evaluate the subject more clearly, and the subject is discussed in detail. In the second part, the effects of religion on personality development and personality psychology in Islam are discussed in detail, since the necessary relationship can be established with the subject and it is directly related to the general context of the thesis. In the second part, the lives of the first four caliphs of Islam are given. In the title of prominent personality traits, inferences were made about which personality traits they had, based on the reactions they gave in the context of the events they experienced. Each of the features that are inferred in the context of event and reaction in the prominent personality traits are evaluated from the perspective of modern psychology in the next title, the effects of pre-Islamic and post-Islamic experiences on personality traits, the events and experiences that cause this behavior, the reasons behind the personality trait and this In this study, the effects of personality traits on psychological well-being were evaluated by emphasizing. In the last chapter, the effects of each companion's personality traits and temperament on religious life and perception were evaluated, and detailed information on which religious attitudes and behaviors are effective in these personality and temperament traits is given. Each of these four Companions was examined in this way and detailed information was given. My study is a qualitative study in which the personality and temperament characteristics of the first four caliphs of the Islamic State, known as Hulefâ-i Raşidîn in Islamic history, are discussed in detail by document and document scanning method. Starting from these features, the effects of character and temperament traits on religious belief, behavior and attachment to religion are mentioned. In this way, the main points that distinguish these four Companions with their different or prominent features from other Companions who lived in their own time were evaluated, and the effect of personality and temperament on religious life or perceptions was tried to be explained.