Determination of fruit characteristics and biochemical contents of some almond cultivars (P. amygdalus L.) grown in Afyonkarahisar/Dinar region

This study was carried out in almond orchard in Dinar District of Afyonkarahisar Province in 2023-2024. The aim of the study was to determine the fruit characteristics and biochemical contents of Ferragnes, Ferraduel and Nonpareil almond cultivars. In the study, bud swelling occurred between the first week of March (Nonpareil) and the second week of March (Ferraduel), bud break between the second week of March (Nonpareil) and the third week of March (Ferraduel), beginning of flowering between the last week of March (Nonpareil) and the last week of March (Ferraduel), full bloom between the last week of April (Nonpareil) and the first week of April (Ferraduel), and harvest between the second week of September (Nonpareil) and the third week of September (Ferraduel). In the study, fruit weights were 2.01 g (Nonpareil)-5.18 g (Ferragnes), fruit width was 19.87 mm (Nonpareil)-26.65 mm (Ferragnes), fruit length was 32.66 mm (Nonpareil)-39.72 mm (Ferragnes), shell thickness was 1.75 mm (Nonpareil)-3.58 mm (Ferraduel), kernel weights were 1.07 g (Nonpareil)-1.69 g (Ferragnes), kernel width was 12.89 mm (Nonpareil)-16.20 mm (Ferragnes), kernel length was 22.54 mm (Nonpareil)-28.40 mm (Ferragnes), kernel thickness was 6.45 mm (Nonpareil)-7.65 mm (Ferragnes), kernel ratio was 27.29%. (Ferraduel) - 53.40% (Nonpareil). In the study, total oil contents were determined as 44.84% (Ferraduel) - 49.02% (Ferragnes), total phenolics content as 361.02 mg GAE/100 g (Nonpareil) - 429.2 mg GAE/100 g (Ferragnes), total flavonoid content as 30.49 mg CAE/100 g (Nonpareil) - 68.64 mg CAE/100 g (Ferragnes), total antioxidant content as 87.00% (Ferraduel) - 82.98% (Nonpareil) and total protein content as 16.64% (Ferragnes) - 19.16% (Ferraduel).