Antibacterial activity of biosynthesized nanoparticles by pyocyanin pigment against biofilms formed Escherichia coli isolated from different clinical sources

From October 2021 until April 2022, this study included 100 samples have been collected from patients with symptoms referred to as a urinary tract infection (UTI) and these samples have been collected from in iraq Al-Yarmouk Hospital patients of both gender, males and females. After conducting the isolation and diagnosis of 100 urine samples for urinary tract infection (UTI) patients by microscopy and biochemical tests, 40 Escherichia coli isolates have been obtained. Antimicrobial sensitivity has been tested with 15 different types of antibiotics, E. coli strains showed the highest rates of resistance to the following antibiotics (Gentamycin, Trimethoprim/ Augmentin, and tetracycline ). While has been sensitive to (Piperacillin, Amikacin, Meropenem, Tobramycin, Cefotaxime, and Levofloxacin). The biofilm formation of 40 isolates of Escherichia coli generated on MacConkey agar was revealed. As 32 (80%) of the isolates were positive for biofilm phenotype while 8 (20%) isolates of Escherichia coli did not produce biofilm. The inhibitory effect of Fe2O3 nanoparticles biosynthesized with pyocyanin showed promising antibiotic activity against biofilms produced by the tested E. coli isolates at different concentrations of which 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/mL with the further dilution of the sub-MICs, The highest inhibition rate was at a concentration of 0.8 in hole No. 1.