Fakhr al-din al-Râzî's tanzih understanding against to anthropomorphist god thought

Anthropomorphism, based on assimilating God to human beings and vice versa, is not only a theological problem of Sami religions. In this respect, anthropomorphist God conception which its soul occurs in almost all philosophical doctrines and mystical or divine religions is as much an old problem as human history. Tajsim (materialisation) and tashbih (assimilation) are the terms in Islamic thought history that are appropriate to anthropomorphism based on the assimilation of God and human beings in philosophical terminology. This assimilation which occasionally occurs in Islamic though history and foreseen in God's entity or attributions is a fact that accompany different conceptions of God. In this respect, although it is not as dense as the ancient religions and philosophical doctrines, the God conceptions of some schools in the history of Islamic thought are anthropomorphic. Although the external causes, leading to the emergence of these conceptions are different, the most important internal reason is the structure of the divine language. In the Qur'anic language, because, the fact that Allah reveals in his own entity in both transcendental and personal structure, has been the central point of the problem of anthropomorphism, occurring in the history of Islamic thought. In this connection, the literal reading of the anthropomorphic characteristics, which have been attributed to Allah by the influence of the literature, inherited from the ancient divine religions and foreign culture is considered as of the most important foundations of this conception. The most important god conception of the schools of tajsim and tashbih, we call them local anthropomorphism, describing Allah as a matter or entity with material characteristics. The most important internal factor that originates in these conceptions is, of course, the anthropomorphic language, attributing Allah. This language is anthropomorphic while literally read but is transcendental and freed while it is on tanzihi (transcendental) character. While those who have emphasized the human aspect of the language, attributing of Allah, are who limit Him to an anthropomorphic personality, those who have interpreted the language only from the aspect of tanzih, have transcended and abstracted Allah as nearly as agnosticism. Fakhr al-Din al-Râzî is the leading of those who propose a middle course between the two extremes, tajsim and tashbih. Al-Râzî, embraces neither pure tanzih nor pure tashbih by adopting his own tanzihi idea. Perhaps he endeavours to analyse the conception of God, forming the centre of Islamic belief, with a method derived by the Qur'an. In al-Râzî's tanzih sense, based on mukhalafah (opposition) doctrine, the entire anthropomorphic characteristics, attributed to God are evaluated in the light of the basic premises, made the basis of tanzih sense and considered the most distinctive qualities of the ontological difference and then these anthropomorphic characteristics, leading an anthropomorphic Allah conception by the literal reading, are interpreted within the bounds of language. Al-Râzî, then, interprets the physiologic organs, human actions and attributions with humanistic emotions in a tanzih sense and he builds, as a result, his tanzihi theology on the basis of the balance between tanzih and tashbih. Keywords Anthropomorphism, Fakhr al-din al-râzî, Tashbih, Tajsim, Anthropomorphic Characteristics, Attributions, Tanzih.