Antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from tracheal aspirate specimens of patients hospitalized in pediatric intensive care unit

Introduction and Objective: This study aims to investigate antibiotic resistance of suspicious pathogens isolated from endotracheal aspirate (ETA) specimens of patients hospitalized between January 2014 and January 2016 at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of the Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics. Material and Method: A retrospective study was conducted with 100 patients, irrespective of gender, aged between 1 month and 18 years, who were followed up for at least 48 hours in the intensive care unit and had positive cultures detected in their ETA. Results: Of the patients included in the study, 66% was female and 29% was aged 31-40 months. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 54% of patients, Acinetobacter baumannii in 16%, Staphylococcus aureus in 8%, Serratia marcescens in 7%, and Klebsiella pneumonia in 7% of patients. In patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth, the antibiotics with most antibiotic resistance were Clindamycin, Seftriaxon and Cefotaxime. In patients with Acinetobacter baumannii growth, there was resistance to all antibiotics except Colistin. Penicillin G was the antibiotic with most antibiotic resistance in patients with Staphylococcus aureus. The most resistant antibiotics were Penicillin G, Clindamycin and Colistin in patients with Serratia marcescens growth. And, the most resistant antibiotics were, Penicillin G, Sulperazon, Seftriaxon and Cefotaxime in patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae growth. According to microorganism type, Staphylococcus aureus had the highest mortality rate by 50%. The rate of survival was 77.8% in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is a common type microorganism seen in patients. The survival rate in children with Acinetobacter baumannii growth was found to be 81.2%. In the study, the most preferred antibiotics were Amikacin, Meropenem, Ceftazidime and Colistin in the patients with Pseudomonas growth. The most preferred antibiotics in patients with Acinetobacter growth were Colistin and Piperacillin Tazobactam, respectively. There was no growth in the %81 of ETA cultures taken from the patients after treatment. Conclusion: Despite the advances in treatment and prevention, hospital infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Each hospital can reduce mortality with early and correct treatment by identifying its own microbiological flora and resistance pattern. Microbiological data are very important for the correct empirical treatment approach. Consequently, it will be possible to control the use of intensive antibiotics and the subsequent high resistance rates. Keywords: Antibiotics, resistance, susceptibility, hospital infection, tracheal aspirates