In vitro evaluation of the effects of drugs used in the treatment of covid-19 on the human kidney cell line

The lack of a specific treatment for SARS-CoV-2, which is called COVID-19 has rapidly affected the whole world as of 2019, has brought the use of some drugs currently used in the treatment of other diseases. Of these drugs, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), favipiravir (FVP) and valproic acid (VPA) have been prescribed frequently and in high doses during the pandemic. In this Master's Thesis study, the effects of HCQ, FVP and VPA applications on cell viability, proliferation and cell morphology in HEK293T cells were determined by using MTT analysis and AO/PI staining, and the change in HDAC activity and the anti-inflammatory response markers of this change, IL-6, IL-10 and its effect on TNF-α expression was evaluated using the ELISA method. In all cultures treated with VPA, HCQ and FVP, it was observed that cell viability was maintained and no cell death was observed. As a result of MTT analysis, it was observed that cell proliferation decreased at 24 and 48 hours in cultures treated with VPA and at 48 hours in cultures treated with HCQ, while cell proliferation decreased at 24 hours in cultures treated with FVP, but increased again at 48 hours. It was determined that HDAC activity was increased in all experimental groups compared to control; 20.42% at 24 hours and 5.77% at 48 hours in cultures treated with VPA, 53.16% at 24 hours and 54.43% at 48 hours in cultures treated with HCQ, and 164.22% at 24 hours and 198,16% at 48 hours in cultures treated with FVP. HCQ caused an increase in IL-10 expression, FVP caused an increase in IL-10 and IL-6 levels, and VPA administration especially increased TNF-α expression. As a result, it has been shown that the increase in HDAC activity causes changes in IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α, the effect of VPA administration on TNF-α may be related to HDAC, but may be related to a different cellular pathway independent of IL-10 and IL-6 expression and important findings that have not yet been reported in the literature have been reported.