Provincial system in the Republican era (1923-2000)

Administrative management renovation movement of the Ottoman Empire began as a reflection of the 19th century necessitated the implementation of administrative reforms seen in Europe. The idea that the state affairs should be carried out with a new understanding became widespread in the 19th century. Renewal movement laid down in its 1839-1856 Edict result of this has created important element of modernization. The influence of European states, the destruction of the land system, the reorganization of state government, centralization of authority and requested to be provided, exceeding the provincial system was the main factor in the state system of the Ottoman Empire. Since 1864, the Ottoman Empire, in part, has applied to the entire provincial system then this system by expanding the country. Republic of the transition period with modified based provinces of the Ottoman province level, a part of the brigade was transformed into a province. Number of provinces in the Republican era, political, social, economic and security reasons undergoes changes reached 81 provinces. In the Turkish administrative administration, the provinces operate both as the provincial organization of the "central administration" and as the tutelage and supervisor of the local "local administration". At the provincial level, the special administrations in the provinces, to which the provincial organization was subordinate to the central administration, operated under the close tutelage and supervision of the provincial administration. However, European Union (EU), World Bank, United Nations etc. With the influence of these institutions, "local governments" have been tried to be strengthened since the end of the 90's, contrary to the strengthening of the central administration, which is one of the aims of the provincial system, the central administration has begun to lose power, and local and regional administrations have come to the fore. It is thought that local governments should not harm the unitary structure of Turkey by maintaining them at a certain level under the control of the central government. The regulations in the civil administration were primarily handled within the scope of the constitution, laws, legislation and laws and regulations enacted in this regard, and the parts of their justifications from the foundation of the Republic to the 2000s were examined with a new approach. This study, besides developing a scientific perspective on the historical process of the provincial system, the changes and developments in the province system, the motives for making the province, and the regulations in the civil administration system, will achieve its purpose if it contributes to illumunating the historical process of the provincial administration system and how it has reached its current level. Keywords: Province, state, centralization, administration, modernization, regionalization.