Determination of weed seeds in lentil crop in Diyarbakir province

The study was carried out in 2019 to determine the weed seeds contaminated in lentils and the approach of producers to weed management in lentil growing in Diyarbakır province. For this purpose, 1 kg of lentil product stored after harvest from 150 agricultural enterprises in 14 districts of Diyarbakır province, namely Merkez (Kayapınar, Sur, Yenişehir, Bağlar) and Ergani, Bismil, Silvan, Kocaköy, Hazro, Eğil, Çermik, Hani, Dicle, Çınar were sampled. A face-to-face survey consisting of 38 questions was conducted with 69 of the sampled agricultural enterprises. As a result of the study, it was determined that the seeds of 29 weed species belonging to 27 genera in 12 families, were mixed with the lentil crop in Diyarbakır province. The species that are very common (VC) according to the frequency of occurrence are respectively Rough bedstraw (Galium tricornotum Dandy) (98.00), Field buttercup (Ranunculus arvensis L.) (92.66%), voluntary wheat (Triticum sp.), Syrian scabious (Cephalaria syriaca L.) (72.66%), Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) (67.33%), Ball mustard (Neslia apiculata Fisch.) (64.00%) and Wall barley (Hordeum murinum L.) (62.66%). It was determined that Chickweed (Stellaria media (L.) Vill) took the first place among weed seeds mixed with lentils with 774.78 pieces /kg. This is followed by Wild mustard (S. arvensis) (365.67 pieces/kg), Rough bedstraw (G. tricornotum) (364.42 pieces/kg), Catchweed bedstraw (Galium aparine L.) (331.12 pieces/kg) and Field buttercup (R. arvensis) (320.67 pieces/kg). Chickweed (S. media) takes the first place in terms of density (9.84 g/kg) and frequency (0.98%) in lentil crop, followed by Rough bedstraw (G. tricornotum) (7.09 g/kg and 0.70%), Field buttercup (R. arvensis) (6.67 g/kg and 0.66%) and Catchweed bedstraw (G. aparine) (5.56 g/kg and 0.55%) species, respectively. In the surveys conducted with the producers, it has been determined that weeds cause a problem at a rate of 75.36% in the lentil fields. It was determined that the most problematic species among weeds was Wild mustard (S. arvensis) with 53.62% and Wild oat species (Avena spp.) with 47.83%. It was reported that 28.99% of the producers applied herbicide once and 71.01% of them applied twice against weeds in the production season. KEYWORDS: Survey, Diyarbakır, lentil, contaminated, weed seed