A comparison of the relationship between posttraumatic growth and coping styles among mothers of children diagnosed with down syndrome and autism spectrum disorder

Having a child with special needs is a demanding life event that may lead to substantial stress, uncertainty, and emotional burden for parents. Autism spectrum disorder and Down syndrome differ in terms of developmental and behavioral characteristics, which may influence parents' coping processes and psychological adjustment in distinct ways. Recent literature suggests that challenging life experiences do not only result in negative outcomes but may also foster positive psychological changes such as personal strength, increased appreciation of life, and improved relationships. These positive changes are conceptualized as post-traumatic growth. This study aimed to examine the relationship between post-traumatic growth levels and coping styles among mothers of children diagnosed with autism or Down syndrome. The sample consisted of 87 mothers recruited through relevant institutions and associations. Data were collected using the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory, the Coping Attitudes Scale, and a demographic information form. The findings indicated that the mothers reported moderate to high levels of post-traumatic growth. Active and problem-focused coping styles were associated with higher post-traumatic growth. Mothers of children with autism were more likely to use emotion-focused and strain-oriented coping strategies, whereas mothers of children with Down syndrome tended to rely more on acceptance-based coping. Additionally, ROC analyses showed that post-traumatic growth scores did not significantly differentiate the autism, Down syndrome, and control groups. Overall, the results suggest that coping styles play a critical role in how mothers of children with special needs make meaning of their experiences and develop post-traumatic growth. Interventions targeting these families may benefit from focusing on strengthening adaptive coping skills.