An examination and artistic analysis of Edvard Munch's and Marc Chagall's works within the context of the expressionist art movement, according to Freudian psychoanalysis

Art has developed throughout history. There are many movements in art. One of these is Expressionism. Expressionism targets the inner world. In Expressionism, which disregards traditional style, the individual's current mental state, intuition and sense of alienation come to the fore. These three characteristics played an active role in the creation of the expressionists' formal language from an individual perspective. In an artistic context, colour, line and form were characterised by the painters' subjective interpretations. Expressionist painters Edvard Munch and Marc Chagall produced extraordinary works in line with their own lives. Munch experienced a traumatic childhood. The painter, who suffered inner turmoil, reflected his experiences in his works as a form of transmission. His current state of mind transformed into an impulsive effect, forming the basis of his works. Form and, in particular, colour in the works translate the painter's inner world. Colours became symbols of the artist's emotions and feelings. The traumatic events depicted in the works reveal the artist's individual state of mind. The figures in the works form a whole with the symbolic meanings of the colours chosen to represent the traumatic events depicted. Chagall grew up in poverty. From an early age, the artist's struggle for self-preservation suppressed his emotional and impulsive side. Chagall made his memories, recollections and suppressed desires the theme of his works. Both colour and form in the artist's works are suitable for examination from an artistic and psychological perspective. While colour comes to the fore with its symbolic meaning, form reveals the painter's subjectivity. Chagall's use of other surreal images shows that he also transformed his feelings, desires and thoughts into a symbolic narrative through form. Expressionist works are influenced by psychology. Psychoanalysis, which is part of psychology, was established by Freud and has developed over time with the theories and techniques of psychoanalysts. Freud's theory provides an opportunity to examine the works of painters in the field of art in line with their lives. Psychoanalysis, which deals with the inner world, has examined the traumas of individuals in depth. The traumas of artists have emerged in Expressionist works through artistic elements. Expressionist works are evaluated according to Freudian psychoanalysis. The aim of this study is to examine the works of Munch and Chagall in the context of Expressionism according to Freudian psychoanalysis, to analyse the works from an artistic perspective, and to demonstrate the contributions of Freud's psychoanalytic theory in determining the reasons behind the creation of the works. Keywords: Expressionism, Edvard Munch, Marc Chagall, Freudian psychoanalysis, psychoanalytic analysis, artistic analysis.