Planning investments in electricity distribution systems with GIS: Bozova district example

The demand for electrical energy is continuously increasing in direct proportion to the development levels of societies. However, this increase has necessitated a shift toward new and clean energy sources due to the insufficiency of certain energy resources in terms of both capacity and environmental sustainability. Energy scarcity not only reduces living standards but also causes disruptions in production and service processes, posing serious threats to economic activities and the quality of life for future generations. In recent years, efforts to promote the use of renewable energy sources have accelerated. To encourage the efficient use of existing energy, conservation measures, loss reduction strategies, and public awareness campaigns have become fundamental components of energy policies in many countries. Similarly, Turkey has implemented incentive policies focused on enhancing energy efficiency and minimizing environmental impacts. The modernization of electricity networks has emerged as a key strategic priority. To prevent non-technical losses, electricity distribution companies are developing effective methods tailored to their service areas. This study comprehensively analyzed the electricity distribution systems in the neighborhoods of Bozova district in Şanlıurfa province between 2022 and 2024. The primary aim of the study is to perform spatial and temporal analyses of electricity losses, evaluate consumption trends, and provide strategic recommendations for investment planning. The data used in the study consists of transformer-based energy consumption and loss-theft data collected via smart meters. These data were processed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based analytical methods to reveal detailed insights into energy losses and consumption trends. Spatial analyses utilized GIS as an effective tool for identifying regions with concentrated energy losses and their distribution at the neighborhood level. Temporal analyses, on the other hand, examined annual and seasonal variations in loss-theft rates. The study addressed various technical and non-technical losses, including transformer capacity deficiencies, line losses, and unauthorized consumption.It was determined that strategic investments, such as increasing transformer capacities, renewing overloaded lines, and enhancing targeted inspections in areas with high theft rates, are necessary. This study not only provides an analysis of existing losses but also enables the prediction of future energy demand and the development of corresponding investment plans. The integration of GIS into energy management processes is particularly highlighted as a powerful tool for minimizing technical losses and preventing theft. Conducted specifically for Bozova district in Şanlıurfa, this study serves as a model for regions across Turkey facing similar challenges and emphasizes the importance of spatial-temporal analytical approaches in energy management. KEYWORDS: Electricity distribution network, Spatial-Temporal analysis, Electricity consumption analysis, Electricity loss consumption analysis, Geographic Information Systems