The upbringings of the ummayad heirs to the throne (661-750)

The Umayyad State founder Muawiyah declared his son Yazid as the heir apparent, and the system of government changed to the hereditary system. This system, which Muawiyah initiated, was also implemented by the other caliphs who came after him. In order for the people to accept the heir apparent, they were educated and given administrative and military duties to gain experience. Environmental conditions were important for the training of the heir apparent. The heir apparent was sent to the desert to be able to pronounce Arabic correctly and to attain a good position in poetry and literature. The education that the heir apparent received and their administrative and military duties affected their caliphate periods. Some candidates who were declared heir apparent could not become caliphs despite receiving education, due to their young age or death. In general, the caliphs subjected their children, who were candidates for the heir apparent, to special education and followed this education closely. The caliphs assigned important teachers of the period to train the heir apparent. The Caliphs ensured that the crown princes they appointed would also be interested in the areas and activities that interested them.