Pharmacognostic investigations on aerial parts of eryngium campestre L.

Plants and extracts prepared from plants have been used since ancient times in the treatment ofvarious diseases. The genus Eryngium, belonging to the Apiaceae family, is represented with 317 taxa in the world, of which 26 taxa in our country. Eryngium campestre L. is known as boğa dikeni, deveci dikeni, deve elması, göz dikeni, tengel dikeni in Türkiye. The flowers, dried leaves and roots of the plant are used for medicinal purposes. The aerial parts of Eryngium campestre is known to contain phenolic acids, essential oil, flavonoits, acetylenes, saponins and coumarins. Quercetin glycosides (rutin), isorhamnetin glycosides, myrcetin glycosides, kaempferol glycosides from flavonoits; studies have shown that it contains p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid and ferulic acid among phenolic acids. The aim of the study is to analyze the rozmarinic acid amount determination by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) from the above-ground part of Eryngium campestre growing in Turkey and to investigate the effect of the plant extract on chondrocyte cells by in vitro XTT and LDH assays. In the above-ground parts of Eryngium campestre, 1.7% rosmarinic acid was found. It decreased the viability of chondrocyte cells and according to the results of LDH test, it was determined that it showed toxic effect at the concentrations studied. It was concluded that lower dose applications can be continued in the planning of further studies. It is predicted that the study will be a guide for further research. Keywords: Apiaceae, chondrosyte, Eryngium campestre, eryngo, rosmarinic acid