The lexicology in the Fourth Hijri Century (As-Sıhah and Makayisu'l-luğa as a Model)

In this research, we studied the craftsmanship from its begining until the end of the fourth century AH. As it started in the form of dialogues with some of the honorable companions, then developed and matured at the hands of Al-Khalil bin Ahmed in his Al-Ain dictionary. The end of the fourth century AH, and we saw the two most famous scholars in the century, Al-Gawhari and Ibn Faris, and what they did in the lexical work. During this era, we clarify the the establishment of the lexical knowledge and its importance. We identfied what the dictionary is and we showed its importance as well. Then we moved into the different types of dictionaries and their courses of work in the process of linguistic classification. We classified in details the lexical schools by mentioning their authors and its charactristics and the criticisim was taken against them and we showed the scholars who followed the steps of these schools and the most important books they wrote. The study devotes a chapter to Al Jawhari in his Dictionary of Al-Sihah, and another to Ibn Faris in his Dictionary of Al-maqaees, as they are among the most important language sources. During these two chapters we talked about the personal life of each of them, and the scientific life in terms of their sheikhs, students, poetics, and scholars' praise for them, and at the end of the chapter we focused on studying the book of each them and related to it. Finally, we mentioned the importance of the witness in the lexical industry and sources of evidence among Arabs, the Qur'an, hadith and Arab sayings, and we took scientific material from Sahih Al-Jawhari and the same word from the standards for study and analysis, to reveal the difference in the interpretation of the scientific material in both dictionaries in terms of explanation, control and the sources that were adopted It has both worlds.