Faqihs' view of treatment and the perspective of medical knowledge in fatwa

The developments in medical science since the early years of Islam have affected the thoughts and approaches to fiqh issues. The developments made in the field of medicine from past to present are closely related to some subjects of fiqh. The studies put forward by doctors doing research in the field of medicine, their treatment methods, and the quality of the materials they use in treatment - such as haram products and impure substances - are among the issues that the mufti takes into consideration during the fatwa process. From the first moment of the arrival of Islam, jurists have included in their works the issue of which aspect of treatment concerns the fiqh ruling from the liable person's perspective, and they have needed medical information during the fatwa process. In this study, attention will be drawn to these two aspects of the subject. First of all, in the first chapter, it will be discussed how much the jurists use medical knowledge in their fatwas, and in this regard, the jurists' approaches to treatment will be included. These approaches will be examined under the headings of those who consider treatment appropriate, those who encourage it, those who consider it obligatory, and those who deal with the subject in the context of the relationship between treatment and trust. In this context, when the works of scholars who deal with treatment in relation to submission are examined, it is understood that they approach treatment with a distance, but it is noteworthy that the understanding of treatment in this period is quite different and limited from the contemporary period. In the second part, we will focus on how medical knowledge is used while discussing issues related to medicine and fatwa. The main issues to be discussed in this context will be the use of medical knowledge in fatwas regarding worship, family law, brain death, body intervention and treatment with haram substances.