The relationship between God and the realm from a philosophical and theological perspective (With examples in İbn Sînâ and Qadi Abd al-Jabbar thought)

The tradition of Islamic thought has two main cores. We can classify these two main cores as kalam and philosophy. The relationship between God and the Realms has an important place in the tradition of Islamic thought. Because the emergence of theological problems and the search for answers to these problems appear at the same point. As a matter of fact, for those who believe in God, the beginning of everything begins with the God-realm relationship. In our study, we aimed to comparatively examine the relationship between God and the universe of Ibn Sînâ (d. 1037), the most influential system-building philosopher of the Islamic philosophy tradition, and Qadi Abd al-Jabbar (d. 415/1025), the important representative of the Mu'tazilite tradition. The topics covered by kalam range from logic to physics, from physics to metaphysics. For instance, it adopted going from the visible realm to the invisible realm as a method in proving the existence of God and attaining the knowledge of God. The aim of the theologians who adopted this method was to show that there is a definite distinction and difference between the Realms and God. Especially the Mu'tazila theologians' conception of God and the Realms is based on this basic distinction. Ibn Sînâ, like the Mu'tazilites, gives importance to the difference between God and the Realms. The importance of choosing Ibn Sînâ and Qadi Abd al-Jabbar in our thesis lies here. The points that both thinkers have in common are 1) Allah is transcendent 2) they base the system they have established on reason. However, the answers given by these thinkers, who have common concerns, to these problems are different from each other. In this context, the subject of our thesis aims to reveal the main breaking points that lead to serious debates between philosophy and theology on the subject of "God-Realms relationship".