Determination of the effect of phosphorus enriched organomineral fertilizer combinations on qualitative and quantitative properties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in lime soil

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of phosphorus enriched organomineral fertilizers (P-OMF) obtained from different ratios of phosphorus and dairy manure mixtures on the improvement of the qualitative and quantitative properties of bread wheat, the change of different phosphorus kinetics in a medium calcareous soil, and the balanced nutrition of the plant. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out on a medium calcareous soil (14,8%) with 3 replications according to random blocks experimental design by creating organomineral fertilizer combinations with 5 different levels of dairy manure doses (DM0: control; DM1: 1; DM2: 2; DM3: 3; DM4: 4 t da-1) and 5 different levels of phosphorus doses (P0: control; P1: 2.3 P; P2: 4.6 P; P3: 6.9 P; P4: 9.2 kg P2O5 da-1) in Aydın province Söke ecological conditions during the wheat vegetation period of 2019-2021. In addition, nitrogen (Urea) and potassium (Potassium nitrate) fertilizers were also applied as support fertilizers during the wheat growing season for two years in the research. Findings: Phosphorus-enriched organomineral fertilizer applications have increased the effectiveness of balanced nutrition of wheat, and thus improvements have been observed in some qualitative and quantitative properties of wheat. Besides, it has been noted that organomineral fertilizers advance many chemical properties of soils and perform positive changes in phosphorus kinetics. According to the findings obtained from the research, POMF combinations increased the grain and biomass yield of wheat by 36,8% and 24,1, thousand grain and hectoliter weight by 16,3% and 5,7; grain protein, wet gluten, and sedimentation values of 8,3%, 6,4 and 4,8, respectively; besides, flour yield increased by 5,7%. However, P-OMF combinations increased the organic matter content of the soil by 60,1%; total nitrogen increased the available P and K contents by 22,1%, 140, and 17,2 respectively. In addition, the total amount of exchangeable cations and the cation exchange capacity of the soil increased by 14,0% and 24,7 respectively. In the research, P-OMF applications decreased the P adsorption and fixation capacity of the soil by 10,7% and 13,7 but increased the P desorption and water-soluble P capacity by 54,3% and 45,0 respectively. According to the plant analysis results, P-OMF combinations increased the total N, P, and K contents by 8,1%, 30,4, and 13,2 but decreased the total Ca, Mg, and Zn contents by 10,2%, 14,3 and 11,2 respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it has been determined that DM3+P2 is the application that improves soil properties, preserves the mineral nutrient concentrations in the plant between sufficient limit values, and keeps the phosphorus kinetics in the soil at the most convenient levels.