Political history of Ghaznavids after Mas'ūd of Ghazni (1040-1186)

The city of Gazne, which was captured by Alptigin in 963, increased its glory in a short time during the reign of Sebüktegin and his son Mahmud, and became the state center of one of the most powerful Turkish-İslâmic states of Middle Ages. The borders of the state expanded to Khwarezm, Khorasan, Māzandarān, Iraq-i Adjam, Sind and Northern India. After the defeat of Dandanakan in 1040, the Ghazni state began to lose power and shrink. In this process, the Sebüktegin lineage was in danger of extinction. The brothers waged bloody struggles with each other for the throne. Sultan Bahramshah accepted to live under the rule of Sencer, Sultan of Seljuk, and made the Ghaznavid State a vassal state. In fact, the last Ghaznavid Sultan Ḵosrow Malek became the subject of the Ghurids after the Great Seljuks disappeared from the stage of history. Despite all of this, the Ghaznavid State managed to maintain its political existence for a much longer period of time than its contemporaries. Ultimately, the existence of the state ended with the capture of Lahore in 1186.