The effect of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor Polymorphısm And Mutations In Early Pregnancy Loss

Cytokines comes as the most important mediator of "immunological adaptation"and "development" which forms the basis of the gestational process. Development of new tissues, invasion and restructuring (fetal and placental formation) is required for a successful pregnancy. Although this is a semi-allogenic process for the mother, there should not be an immunologic reaction against it. Up to 0.5-2% of all women experience recurrent pregnancy loss. The cause of approximately 40% of these cases are unknown. It is believed that, unknown endometrial and placental dysfunctions are the reason of these recurrent pregnancy losses. Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) have a significant effect on placental development and function. GMCSF is a gene which is located on the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q21-5q32), approximately length of 2,5 kb and contains 4 exons. In our study, we have examined the possible variations and mutations which might be the cause of recurrent pregnancy loss in GM-CSF gene. To come to a conclusion, we compared the study group consisting of women with recurrent miscarriages, to a control group consisting of women with no pregnancy loss and no systemic/chronic disease. We performed a DNA sequence analysis from the blood samples we took from both of the groups. Evaluation of the results show that there is no statistically significant differences between the study group and the control group when detected individually. However, when all the detected variations were considered together, quite significant statistical results were observed. Based on this result, increasing the number of cases and additional similar studies suggest that the GM-CSF gene test could be a part of etiology of pregnancy loss research tests.