From the Group of the defiant Zâbitân to the liberation of Edirne struggle for power

In its last periods, the Ottoman Empire was affected by positive and negative events in every field, especially in military and political issues. Especially with the initiatives of the Committee of Union and Progress (İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti), the declaration of constitutionalism first in Rumelia and then in Istanbul ushered in a new era in the geography of the empire. However, the March 31st Incident, organized by the opponents of the society and the supporters of the old regime, shook the constitutional order. Since the Unionists were far from being experienced enough to take office in the state cadres, they played a supervisory role over the established cabinets. Of course, they took steps to form a cabinet that belonged to the community. For example, the "Political Undersecretariat System" was a step taken to take part in the existing cabinets. The opponents, who were uncomfortable with the strengthening and influence of the Society, united under the umbrella of the Hürriyet ve İtilâf Fırkası and even won an unexpected victory in the 1911 Midterm Elections. However, the 1912 General Elections were a defeat for the opposition due to the pressure of the Society.The Halâskâr Zâbitân Group, which was established by officers who opposed the Union within the army, was able to receive the support of the opposition in the political arena from time to time. With memorandums, the group overthrew the Said Pasha cabinet, in which the Unionists assumed a supervisory role, and dissolved the parliament. Meanwhile, the First Balkan War started. When the war, in which Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pasha cabinet and Kâmil Pasha cabinet played an active role, ended in defeat, the Unionists carried out the Bâb-ı Âli Raid in order to regain the lost places, especially Edirne, and to come back to power. After the raid, Mahmud Şevket Pasha was appointed as Sadaret. Edirne was liberated from occupation, but the loss of all our Rumelia lands could not be prevented. With the assassination of Mahmud Şevket Pasha, an oppressive regime of the society started over the empire.